Don't calculate your fees on total fee amount... calculate them on a satoshis per byte basis, that will determine how attractive it is to the miners. For instance, a 200 byte transaction with a 0.001 btc fee is much more attractive than a 1000 byte transaction with a 0.001 btc fee... fee total is the same, but satoshi/byte is a LOT different (500 satoshis/byte vs. 100 satoshis/byte)
Unless MultiBit HD sets your transaction as Replace-By-Fee... I wouldn't try double-spending, that might create even more problems. You could investigate a. the ViaBTC TX accelerator or b. "Child Pays For Parent" (CPFP) if one of the outputs of the transaction goes to an address you own.
Otherwise, your only option is to wait... and use fees appropriate to the transaction size next time