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中国航天:已从实验为主转向为民众提供服务
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Topic: 中国航天:已从实验为主转向为民众提供服务 (Read 157 times)
changshaoraovb3
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中国航天:已从实验为主转向为民众提供服务
April 20, 2017, 12:15:58 PM
#1
原标题:航天与大众的“交会对接”
当苏联1957年发射第一颗人造地球卫星时,没人想象得到航天会对今天的生活产生如此“无微不至”的影响:方便面调料包里的干菜,其雏形是最早的航天食品;弹性内底的运动鞋,材质源于一种使宇航员在火箭腾空时更为舒适的软垫;家庭厨房的烟雾报警器,原是为检测太空站里的烟雾和有毒气体而研制;医院的重症监护室,由航天员训练时监测各项生命体征的实验室演变而成;育婴箱、心脏起搏器、保暖内衣、卫星导航、车辆定位监控……都是航天活动带来的可共享成果。航天,早已“润物细无声”地渗透进百姓日常的衣、食、住、行,连如何把药品切割成均匀的颗粒、如何把液状药物装进胶囊等等看似基础的医学操作也蕴含着航天元素;我国的抗癌药、抗衰老药、治疗心脑血管疾病的特效药,均借着载人航天工程的东风,实现了研制的重大突破。
人人往往在不知不觉状态下享受着航天技术带来的便利:脱胎于卫星太阳能帆板技术应用的太阳能热水器,凭借着其安全可靠、无污染、使用寿命长等优点,赢得了千家万户的青睐;在四级风天气下也能岿然不动的国庆红宫灯,受惠于飞船回收着陆系统的一系列新技术、新工艺,与飞船降落伞在设计原理、制造工艺、试验方法等方面有异曲同工之妙;用于卫星定位的红外线技术,应用在检测列车轴温领域,免去了以往“用手一个轱辘一个轱辘摸、试温度”的人力之苦,在给不断提速的铁路运输带来安全保障的同时,每年还创造出数亿元的经济效益;以航天科技转化研制而成的微型燃气轮机发电站,“百搭”(可以同风力发电、太阳能发电组合工作)又不“挑食”(柴油、煤油、天然气、沼气等都能用来发电),是理想的应急救援设备,能及时在断水断电的救灾抢险环境中“雪中送炭”;北京奥运会、上海世博会等大型活动中,航天安保科技系统屡建奇功,在此基础上进一步拓展、升级的智慧城市将以物联网等手段建立一个由航天技术支持的涵盖市民、企业和政府的新型城市生态系统……
中国航天已经逐渐从实验为主的探索,转向为民众提供服务、创造价值的产业发展,由航天技术衍生转化而来的一系列成果成功应用于国计民生,深刻改变了很多产业的发展模式,对提高百姓生活品质起到了重要作用,产生了巨大的社会效益。航天文化是创造一流、确保万无一失、把风险降到最低的文化,航天文化的传播不但提高了大众科学素养、促进了科学文化精神的形成,还为大众养成“零缺陷、零故障、零疑点”的质量追求意识和“只能优秀,不能伪劣”的质量敬仰意识树立了光辉典范。
为加快航天与大众深度、亲密的“交会对接”,需要在技术产业化和商业化推广方面保持敏锐、积极探索,比如NASA利用其拥有的空间站活动的丰富资源,与民营游戏制作机构密切合作,利用航天知识和太空活动经验,开发交互式游戏模拟产品,让大众玩家通过游戏来亲身体验管理、控制空间站的乐趣,激发民众对航天的热情,让更多人了解和支持航天活动;新产品不但推向了商业市场、实现了产业化,而且游戏软件系统还转化应用到NASA新任务的预研性验证试验中,用于在仿真环境下对设备和项目进行模拟测试——这样的“反哺”增强了NASA的科研水平,有效提高了测试安全性,降低了测试成本,使得该项航天技术产业不断发扬光大。(航天三院303所 李兴鲁)
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