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吴晓灵:征信与社会诚信无关 需保持独立性
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吴晓灵:征信与社会诚信无关 需保持独立性
April 22, 2017, 10:31:18 AM
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现今自称在做“征信业务”的机构层出不穷,然而真正符合“征信”定义实际上并不多。全国人大财经委副主任委员吴晓灵表示,征信只与资金借贷、延迟支付等有关,要把征信与普通数据收集区分开。
“社会诚信与征信是两回事,与钱有关的才叫征信。”吴晓灵在4月21日“个人信息保护与征信管理”国际研讨会间隙对财新记者表示,征信是对信贷客户还款意愿的评估,来自信用历史的积累。“征信市场其实是个很小的市场。”
吴晓灵在上述场合发言中指出,要解决中国征信市场面临的问题,就要明确个人征信机构的独立第三方地位。她认为,独立第三方地位的特征是指机构的股权独立、公司治理独立、征信业务独立和风险分析模型与数据源独立。其中,风险分析模型与数据源独立是指,征信机构不能自己也是数据源,征信与数据服务无关。
“大数据的行为分析与还款意愿的关联性还有待验证。”吴晓灵表示,要对相关活动有所区分,对个人征信市场建立分类监管框架。
具体而言,就是对从事基础的消费者信贷信用服务的机构采用征信业务全牌照监管;对利用消费者数据进行信贷信用风险分析服务的机构采用征信业专项牌照;而对于从事个人数据服务的机构,且规模较大的,建议采用事后备案管理,积极推动行业自律。
吴晓灵指出,尽管“十三五”规划中提出了实施国家大数据战略,但中国个人数据保护仍处于初步阶段。目前来看,国内个人数据保护面临缺乏个人信息保护顶层设计,个人数据保护专项立法滞后,数据保护没有明确的监管机构,尚无个人数据保护的国际合作机制,以及数据保护制度体系不完善的五大问题。
因此,吴晓灵提议要构建个人数据保护体系。即要在民法体系中确立个人信息权,要尽快制定《个人信息保护法》,设立数据保护监管机构,简历数据保护国际合作制度,以及健全数据运转保护制度体系。
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