Now I try to run "bitcoind" in the Linux Terminal but nothing appears
That is what is supposed to happen. Bitcoind is not supposed to output anything to the terminal, if it does, something has gone wrong. Bitcoind has started when you see it "hang". Check in the processes list, you will see it there. In order to interact with it, you need to use bitcoin-cli in a different terminal. Or you can run bitcoind with
-daemon so you can use bitcoin-cli in the same terminal.