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港媒:中国研究破解量子密码获突破 速度比闪电快一倍_《参考消息》官Ą
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Topic: 港媒:中国研究破解量子密码获突破 速度比闪电快一倍_《参考消息》官Ą (Read 136 times)
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港媒:中国研究破解量子密码获突破 速度比闪电快一倍_《参考消息》官Ą
May 09, 2017, 07:04:30 AM
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港媒称,中国用金刚石进行的一项实验使量子密码的破译离现实更近了一步,从而可能在有朝一日破译为银行、政府和军队提供安全保护的数字加密技术。
据香港《南华早报》网站5月7日报道,安徽合肥的量子物理学家们在他们的实验中,利用一种植入金刚石内部的新型量子计算装置,把数字35分解成因数5和7。这种被称为因数分解的过程是破解如今密码术中最流行的数字算法的关键。
这项研究是由中国科技大学量子物理学家杜江峰领导的,详细的研究结果3月份发表在美国《物理学评论通讯》周刊上。在这项实验中,研究人员向被固定在金刚石的“氮空位中心”内的粒子发射激光和微波束,“氮空位中心”是金刚石内部十分适合亚原子互动的微小空间。这些粒子在2微秒的时间内便得出了解答,其速度比闪电的速度还要快一倍以上。
报道称,速度是密码破译的关键。得益于一种被称为量子纠缠的现象,量子计算机有可能大大减少破译密码所需要的时间。
流行的RSA算法是由罗恩·里里韦斯、阿迪·夏马尔和伦纳德·阿德尔曼在上世纪30年代编写出来的,它利用两个大素数的乘积对信息进行加密。只有知道这两个素数的人才能够对信息进行解码,因为当这两个素数足够大的时候,对它们的乘积进行分解几乎是不可能的。确定RSA加密系统所使用的素数将需要十分巨大的数字计算能力和长达数千年的时间。
但是从理论上说,量子计算机可以在瞬间破译一个RSA密码。一些研究人员称,中国第一台量子计算机可能在今后几年内正常运行,但仍然有需要克服的问题。
合肥的这项研究工作引起了像高军涛等密码专家的注意。高军涛是陕西西安电子科技大学的密码学副教授,他为国防行业编写加密算法。他说:“严格地说,(实验结果)是对密码的破译,尽管仍处在初始阶段。这无疑是一个突破。”
报道称,2012年,杜江峰团队曾凭借对数字143的因数分解创造了一项纪录,但这一结果是利用核磁共振技术在液体介质中取得的,这种介质不容易被照搬到实际应用中。两年后,一个来自日本、英国和美国微软公司的多国研究者团队利用相同的技术对数字56153进行因数分解而创造了新的纪录。但是,中国此次的实验在一种完全建立在固态材料上的环境中对数字进行了因数分解,从而使该系统变得更加稳定。
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