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与奥巴马唱反调?特朗普政府欲对嫌犯量刑从严
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与奥巴马唱反调?特朗普政府欲对嫌犯量刑从严
May 15, 2017, 06:39:06 AM
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美国司法部长杰夫·塞申斯12日发布命令,要求全国的检察官在寻求对犯罪嫌疑人量刑时,采用最严厉的标准。这与前任总统贝拉克·奥巴马时期的部分政策完全相反,遭到前司法部长和一些国会议员的反对。
在当日发给司法部所有检察官的一份两页长的文件中,塞申斯提出了这一要求。他说此举是为了应对全国城市中上升的暴力犯罪率,可以“提升对司法体系的尊重”。
“这是特朗普总统(兑现)让美国安全的承诺的重要部分,”塞申斯在一次讲话中说。
塞申斯要求检察官在处理大多数案件时,依照“强制性最低量刑”的标准,向法庭建议量刑。如果检察官想建议更轻的量刑,须得到上级的批准并提供书面理由。
前司法部长埃里克·霍尔德称此举“不明智、缺乏认识”,认为它很可能令上世纪80至90年代对少数族裔不公的“强制性最低量刑”重新大行其道,“把这个国家带回名誉扫地的过往”。
“强制性最低量刑”即对一项罪名设立量刑下限,对被定罪者处以不低于该下限的刑罚。法新社报道,上世纪80年代,美国打击可卡因滥用现象,推行“强制性最低量刑”,并对累犯处以重刑,导致以非洲裔美国人为主的吸毒者和毒贩被监禁达数十年,而一些白人吸毒者则轻易脱身。
2011年美国量刑委员会的一份报告指出,黑人和拉丁裔犯案人受到“强制性最低量刑”的情形,要远远超出美国其他族裔。
2015年7月,奥巴马指责“强制性最低量刑”使美国监禁人数达到创纪录的220万人,毁掉许多人改过自新的机会,令监狱系统开支高企。他提出改革量刑制度,对吸毒者和其他非暴力犯罪不再处以重刑,在指控、定罪、量刑方面给予检察官和法官更多“从宽发落”的空间,希望以此改善监狱人满为患、政府财政压力加大的困境。
但塞申斯说美国当下谋杀等犯罪率和药物滥用致死人数上升,暗示这应归咎于奥巴马的政策改革。“我们意在扭转这一趋势,”他说。
一些国会议员也不认同塞申斯提出的新政策。共和党籍参议员兰德·保罗说,“强制性最低量刑”令太多少数族裔不公平地、不成比例地被长期监禁,新政策将加重这种不公。民主党籍国会议员蒂姆·瑞安说:“美国已经是世界上在押人数最多的国家,我们不能继续走这条道路解决问题。”
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