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国家发改委下发指导意见 配气环节准许收益率上限锁定7%
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国家发改委下发指导意见 配气环节准许收益率上限锁定7%
June 26, 2017, 01:31:54 AM
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原标题:国家发改委下发指导意见 配气环节准许收益率上限锁定7%
央广网北京6月23日消息(记者刘?t辰)近日,国家发改委正式下发《关于加强配气价格监管的指导意见》,配气环节准许收益率上限锁定7%。由于相关事权已经下放至地方,国家发改委要求,各地制定配气价格管理和定价成本监审规则将于2018年6月底之前出台。业内人士认为,此举将促进部分配气环节利润过高地区的企业降成本,同时兼顾天然气下游行业的积极性。
天然气行业门槛高,尤其是纵横千里又深入千家万户的输配网络,重复建设势必造成浪费,于是成为了网络型自然垄断环节。但天然气供应又是一项重要公用事业,因此扼住垄断追逐更高利润的天然冲动,是政府价格管理的重要任务。为此,2016年我国先后出台了天然气管道运输的价格管理办法和定价成本监审办法。
中国石油大学教授刘毅军表示,加上此次印发的《指导意见》,天然气价格的“管住中间”在政策架构上形成了闭环。“原来讲的是动脉血管,现在讲的是毛细血管,各个城市非常复杂。上一年的文件是跨省的,属于中央事权的。其中要求各省参照制定省内官网,此次是配气,属于毛细血管。这三个齐了以后,从运输的角度、从中间的环节来讲,基本上就管住了。”
虽说将配气环节比喻为毛细血管,但每年从这个毛细血管网里供向广大用户的天然气体量庞大。思亚能源咨询公司高级经理李遥预计,依此纳入监管的气量年逾千亿。
在此之前,我国城镇燃气配送环节的价格监管相对滞后,配气价格从未单独核定。多数地方直接管理销售价格,购销差价里到底包含哪些成本、收益又有几何成为公众视野的盲区。不同城市燃气企业购销差价水平差距也很大。其中既有各地管网建设水平的客观差异,也有历史原因,不一而足。
中国城市燃气协会秘书长迟国敬举例,北京上海两地购销差价就相对较低,“北京只有四五毛钱,两广因为参照净回值法,按照提到液化石油气去对比,价差一块、两块多钱都有。还有一些点供的,采用CNG、LNG,本身成本就高。很复杂。”
针对这种现状,此次下发的《指导意见》明确配气价格按照“准许成本加合理收益”的原则制定。准许收益按照有效资乘以准许收益率计算,其中准许收益率为税后全投资收益率,按不超过7%确定。此外,备受外界关注的接驳费等不包括在内。
刘毅军认为,这个受益率可以在压低部分地区过高价差、利好实体经济的同时,给天然气行业留足发展动力。“我国整个配气也好、输气也好还要大发展。此外,用户不管是用气企业还是老百姓,都希望降低成本。此次的7%,从整体上看,接驳费占到燃气公司利润的40%以上,再加上专门配气业务部分7%的收益率,燃气公司的积极性会保持的较好一些。”
中国能源网首席信息官韩晓平认为,“管住中间”可以更好的“放开两头”,相对于国债等较高、但与国际上管网受益基本相当的长期受益预期,可以鼓励更多的社会资本进入天然气中下游产业,进而通过竞争降低价格,提高天然气这一清洁能力。“现在有部分收益率10%甚至12%以上,这个太高了。国际上一般是7%-8%,低的能到6%。通过此次改革把整个收益水平控制住,尽量让气的价格能够反映它的成本,尽量低一点。让资源和煤炭等形成有效竞争。竞争过程中,随着市场不断做大,最终价格会逐渐下降,而且使得天然气的普及率提升,最终环境得到改善。”
虽然天然气管网建设必须有一定的超前性,但避免下游企业通过过度超前建设,提高核定成本进而提高配气价格,国家发改委此次下发的《指导意见》明确,配送气量较大幅度低于可研报告或供气规划的,应对最低配气量作出限制性规定。同时对配气价格定期校核,校核周期原则上不超过三年。
由于相关价格的审批事权已经下放至各地,国家发改委要求各地制定配气价格管理和定价成本监审规则,并于2018年6月底之前出台。
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