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工人日报:艺术不能总在“神坛”上
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Topic: 工人日报:艺术不能总在“神坛”上 (Read 131 times)
yioweir333
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工人日报:艺术不能总在“神坛”上
June 27, 2017, 03:18:23 AM
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原标题:【大众话题】艺术不能总在“神坛”上
据6月21日《成都晚报》报道,近日,一段“川剧变脸”的视频在网上热传,只是“火”的原因有些“尴尬”,表演者在“变脸”过程中接连失误,捂脸“纠正”仍然无济于事,最终尴尬离场。有“变脸”大师的徒弟称,表演者的失误从直观形式上泄露了川剧变脸特殊道具的组合程序,严格讲是对川剧这项非物质文化遗产艺术名片的“腐蚀”。
“台上一分钟,台下十年功”。在台上出现这样的失误,是不应该的。倘若是专业演员,更不应该。这也提醒,任何一个有志于表演的人,都应该珍惜舞台,珍惜观众;尊重舞台,尊重观众。但是,一次“变脸”失败天塌不下来,也构不成什么对非物质文化遗产的“腐蚀”。
川剧“变脸”,本发轫于民间,但不知从什么时候起,便开始走上了“神坛”。1987年,川剧“变脸”被列为国家二级机密,更是增加了不少“神秘”色彩。仿佛这项艺术不是一般人所能涉及的,私自授艺者、揭露秘密者,也仿佛成了敌人。
“变脸”为什么要变成现在这样?过去有句话,叫“教会徒弟饿死师傅”,对应的是在相对封闭落后的时代,能够掌握一门手艺或者技术,便可安身立命,养活一家老小,甚至荫及后世子孙。因此不但不轻易收徒,甚至在家族内部也是“传子不传女”。时代发展到今天,这种观念还有市场吗?还应该被推崇吗?
在文化大发展大繁荣的时代,一门传统艺术最大的敌人,可能不在内部,而是来自外面的竞争。拿“变脸”来说,今天的文化市场早已不是非此不可,有着太多的其他艺术形式。这一语境下,如果一项艺术依然把自己置于“神坛”之上,恐怕会导致失去观众和市场。
遑论很多传统艺术不是因其自身富有魅力,被置于“神坛”之上,而是从业者敝帚自珍,自己把自己置于“神坛”之上。在当前的文化市场上,一门艺术想要拥有更广泛的生存和发展空间,就得努力在人群中培养粉丝。专业演员安身立命靠的是技高一筹,而不是人为设置艺术门槛。
京剧这几年之所以呈现复兴之势,与其打开大门不无关系。如果京剧艺术也把自己装进“四合院”,不允许别人碰,一旦票友“唱砸了”就上升到“腐蚀”艺术的高度去指责,那么最终还能剩下几个人愿意玩?人们对“变脸”有兴趣,是好事,利用公众的兴趣,培养更多爱好者,只会有利于这门艺术的推广。
当初把川剧“变脸”列为国家二级机密,于从业者来说,可能是好事,毕竟减少了竞争。但于这门艺术的传承和发展来说,现在还是好事吗?好与坏的标准是什么?时代变了,很多事情完全可以也应该重新审视和考量。
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