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李世民生平最惨败一仗,廿年后想起依然心有余悸,沉痛检讨一百字
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Topic: 李世民生平最惨败一仗,廿年后想起依然心有余悸,沉痛检讨一百字 (Read 79 times)
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李世民生平最惨败一仗,廿年后想起依然心有余悸,沉痛检讨一百字
June 30, 2017, 10:17:14 AM
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大唐贞观八年,李世民巡视陕西扶风,写下了千古名篇《经破薛举战地》:昔年怀壮气,提戈初仗节。心随朗日高,志与秋霜洁。移锋惊电起,转战长河决。营碎落星沉,阵卷横云裂。一挥氛沴静,再举鲸鲵灵。于兹俯旧原,属目驻华轩。沉沙无故迹,灭灶有残痕。浪霞穿水净,峰雾抱莲昏。世途亟流易,人事殊今昔。长想眺前踪,抚躬聊自适。
大业十三年,杨隋江山已经风雨飘摇,各路军阀蠢蠢欲动,杨广窝在江都醉生梦死,李密死磕王世充于洛阳无暇西顾,李渊趁机在太原起兵一路过关斩将,于是年冬天攻破长安城,遥尊隋炀帝为太上皇,拥立其孙代王杨侑为帝,改元义宁,是为隋恭帝。第二年五月,隋恭帝禅位于李渊,李渊即皇帝位于长安,国号唐,建元武德,是为唐高祖。六月,李世民帅军攻打据有今甘肃兰州等地的薛举、薛仁果父子,九月薛举战死,十一月俘杀薛仁果。
李世民和薛家父子这一战是他平生第一场恶战,也是他平生第一场败仗。在这场战斗中李世民差点被薛举父子活捉杀死。因此多年之后回想起这一战,他依然心有余悸。营碎落星沉,阵卷横云裂。沉沙无故迹,灭灶有残痕。碎的不是薛举的军营,而是他的军营。他差点就把这百八十斤葬送在这个地方,折戟沉沙。灭的也不是薛举的锅灶,而是唐军的锅灶。
薛举,河东汾阴人也。容貌瑰伟,凶悍善射,骁武绝伦,家产巨万,交结豪猾,雄于边朔。大业末自称西秦霸王,建元秦兴。掠官收马,招集群盗,兵锋甚锐,所至皆下。尽有陇西之地,众至十三万。大业十三年秋七月,僣号于兰州,势益张,军号三十万,将图京师。会义兵定关中,遂留攻扶风。可见薛举是李渊此时最大的竞争对手,幸亏李渊早了一步占领长安,要是再晚几天,长安被薛举占了,李家父子可就死无葬身之地了。也可以说是天命在唐吧。
李渊派李世民前去攻打薛举,开始赢了,斩首数千级,追奔至陇坻而还。第二年薛举再犯,李世民再次出击,这次没那么幸运了。李世民度其粮少,意在速战,乃命深沟坚壁,以老其师。未及与战,会太宗不豫,行军长史刘文静、殷开山为举兵掩乘其后,两军合战,竟为举所败,死者十五六,太宗归于京师。此战唐军惨败,史书上说李世民病了,没有亲自指挥战斗,让刘文静和殷开山指挥,结果一败涂地。其实这是为尊者讳。唐军为何要决战,也是因为粮草跟不上。根本耗不过人家。而要硬碰硬的打,唐军根本不是秦军对手。黄永年先生说当时的骑兵薛举是最精锐的,其次隋炀帝的关陇骁勇。所以这一战绝对是李世民亲自指挥的。
幸运的是,天命的天平再次倾向了李唐。正在薛举准备乘胜追击一举拿下长安之际,他也病了,而且没几天病死了。薛举一死,儿子薛仁杲不得人心,虽然他多力善骑射,军中号为万人敌。但与诸将帅素多有隙,众咸猜惧。自此兵势日衰。这下李世民满血复活了,病也好了,再次带兵征讨。依然坚壁不动。诸将咸请战,李世民说,我们刚打了败仗,还没有恢复元气,所以不能出战。待其气衰而后奋击,可一战而破,此万全计也。谁敢再提出战一律杀无赦。相持了一段时间,薛仁杲众叛亲离,两军酣战,太宗以劲兵出贼不意,奋击大破之。薛仁杲投降被杀。
世途亟流易,人事殊今昔。长想眺前踪,抚躬聊自适。多年以后李世民想起这一战,可能也会感慨世事无常造化弄人吧。一切都是天意。
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