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国家防总:长江上中游水库群拦蓄百亿方洪水
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Topic: 国家防总:长江上中游水库群拦蓄百亿方洪水 (Read 241 times)
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国家防总:长江上中游水库群拦蓄百亿方洪水
July 07, 2017, 04:30:36 AM
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受6月22日至7月2日持续强降雨影响,洞庭湖水位超过保证水位,洞庭湖支流湘江发生了超历史最高水位的特大洪水,洞庭湖支流资水、沅江也发生了超保证水位大洪水,长江干流莲花塘站至大通站江段和鄱阳湖水位超过警戒水位,长江中游7月1日形成1号洪水,防汛抗洪形势严峻。
国家防总、长江防总统筹兼顾,科学研判,紧急调度三峡水库连续5次压减出库流量,同时联合调度长江上中游水库群拦洪蓄洪、削峰错峰,有效减轻长江中下游干流和洞庭湖区防洪压力,避免了干流莲花塘站超过分洪保证水位,洞庭湖城陵矶站超保证水位时间缩短6天左右,防洪减灾效益十分显著。
一是提前预泄腾库,掌握洪水调度主动权。今年汛前,国家防总首次组织制定并批复了长江上中游水库群联合调度方案,将长江中游7座水库纳入水库群联合调度范围,使联合调度的水库数量由21座增加至28座,长江洪水调度的灵活性和有效性得到加强。依据方案和水库蓄水情况,国家防总、长江防总精心组织制定水库群汛前消落方案,汛前调度三峡及上中游水库群按计划消落,共腾空防洪库容530亿立方米,为迎战长江洪水奠定了很好的基础。本次洪水到来之前,湖南省防指提前对沅江五强溪水库、资水柘溪水库等大型水库实施预泄调度,五强溪、柘溪水库分别增加调蓄库容4.83亿、8.83亿立方米,分别较设计防洪库容增加35.8%、83.3%。
二是科学研判形势,把握时机联调联控。7月1日,长江干流莲花塘站水位超过警戒水位,长江出现2017年第1号洪水,同时洞庭湖及其支流湘江、资水、沅江水位快速上涨,部分站点预计会突破保证水位甚至历史最高水位,干流莲花塘站将突破分洪水位,防汛形势十分严峻。国家防总、长江防总多次紧急会商研判,根据水雨情及未来趋势,决定利用三峡水库及上游金沙江、雅砻江水库同步拦蓄洪水,与洞庭湖水系水库联合调度。7月1日开始,长江防总34小时内先后发出5道调度令,将三峡水库出库流量由27300立方米每秒逐步压减至8000立方米每秒,拦蓄率达60%以上,有效减小了洞庭湖城陵矶站水位上涨速率和幅度。至7月6日8时,三峡水库累计拦蓄水量49.68亿立方米,上游其他水库累计拦蓄水量25.38亿立方米。湖南省防指调度资水、沅江上的水库拦洪削峰,资水柘溪水库入库洪峰流量15800立方米每秒,最大下泄流量8500立方米每秒,削峰率46.2%,拦蓄洪量11.85亿立方米;沅江五强溪水库入库洪峰流量32400立方米每秒,最大下泄流量22500立方米每秒,削峰率30.56%,拦蓄洪量15.48亿立方米。上述水库群合计拦蓄洪量102.39亿立方米。
三是江湖水位降幅明显,水库群联调联控成效显著。据初步测算,经过三峡等上游水库群和中游五强溪、柘溪等水库联合调度,降低洞庭湖区及长江干流莲花塘站江段洪峰水位约1.0~1.5米、汉口站江段洪峰水位约0.6~1.0米、九江站至大通站江段洪峰水位约0.3~0.5米,降低沅江下游桃源站洪峰水位约2.5米、常德站洪峰水位约2.0米,避免了资水下游桃江、益阳等地溃堤灾害,确保了长江干流莲花塘站水位不超分洪保证水位,缩短洞庭湖城陵矶站超保时间6天左右,显著减轻了洞庭湖区及长江中下游干流的防洪压力。目前,长江干流洪峰已过汉口站,汉口以上长江干流、洞庭湖及其支流水位已出峰回落。
据气象水文预报,7月5日起长江上游将有一次强降雨过程,三峡水库将出现较大入库洪峰流量,考虑到洞庭湖、湘江水位已退至保证水位以下,资水、沅江已全线退出警戒水位,为确保三峡水库风险可控,国家防总与长江防总紧急会商后,在不增加中下游防汛压力的前提下,决定适量加大三峡水库出库流量。7月6日8时,三峡水库出库流量已由8000立方米每秒增加至10000立方米每秒,此后视来水情况逐步调整,为迎战长江上游洪水做好准备。
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