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美国卫星发现巨大冰山崩解 将改变南极版图
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Topic: 美国卫星发现巨大冰山崩解 将改变南极版图 (Read 160 times)
Imran4
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美国卫星发现巨大冰山崩解 将改变南极版图
July 15, 2017, 07:24:31 AM
#1
追踪南极半岛拉森C冰架上一条冰裂缝长达十几年的科学家,终于借助经过该冰架上空的两颗美国卫星,发现一座巨大冰山与该冰架脱离。
7月12日,英国斯旺森大学和英国南极调查局研究人员宣布,该冰山于7月10日至12日之间从拉森C冰架断裂。
这座可能被命名为A68的冰山之所以令人瞩目,不仅因为它的面积达5800平方公里,接近上海土地面积,还因为它的脱离,永久改变了南极版图。拉森C冰架本来是南极第四大冰架,由于这次冰山崩解让它损失了12%的面积,排名下落到了第五。
将加速陆地冰川流向海洋
几十年来,南极半岛以北的其他约10个其他冰架已经相继崩塌消失或大幅度退缩。
此次与冰架脱离的这块冰山并不是最大的。
卫星诞生以来,观测到的最大冰山是一个叫B-15的冰山。它是2000年从罗斯冰架脱离诞生的,面积比本次脱离的冰山大一倍。这个冰山6年后还没融化完,最终漂到了新西兰。
1956年,美国的一艘破冰船报告他们碰到了一块3.2万平方公里的冰山,相当于台湾的面积。可惜那时还没有卫星来测量和验证。
拉森C冰架本身也诞生过一座更大的冰山,那是在1986年测量到的一块面积9000平方公里的冰山。
在北京师范大学冰川学专家效存德看来,冰架前缘的冰山崩解是南极冰架系统的一种自然行为,因为冰盖—冰架系统是动态平衡过程。
“目前尚不能说是常态还是异常,因为观测时间太短,只能猜测。我倾向认为此次冰架崩解事件是异常的,和全球气候变暖有关联。”效存德认为,正因如此,持续遥感监测工作很重要,对连续过程的监测有助于理解冰架动力学。
北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院院长程晓告诉科技日报记者,由于冰架原本就漂浮在海洋里,崩解产生的大冰山进入海洋后并不会引起海平面上升。然而,冰山崩解使得冰架对陆地冰川的顶托力下降,将引起陆地冰川加速流向海洋,引起海平面的上升。“此冰山厚度超过200米,在洋流和盛行风向的推动下,将向南美洲方向运动,有可能对那里的船舶航行构成威胁,因此需要加强对它的监测。”
应提升我国卫星的极地遥感监测能力
此次冰山事件引发全世界关注,类似事件通常都是由欧美科学家告诉世界。
“这与中国的卫星遥感大国身份不相匹配。”程晓告诉记者,目前我国已拥有全世界最多的遥感卫星,但绝大多数遥感卫星未设计极地观测模式。“归根结底是我国卫星掌握在各部门手里,他们大多不关注极地也就不会安排拍摄,而真正关注极地的科研人员又接触不到卫星,即使卫星偶尔拍了数据,科研人员要拿到数据也要经过很烦杂的手续和过程,时效性很差。制约我国卫星拍摄极地的另一个因素是我国海外地面站稀少导致卫星数据下传能力低,遥感卫星只能勉强保障国内及关键区域的应用。”
正因如此,我国对极地几乎没有监测能力,数据几乎完全依赖欧美。
欧美遥感卫星对极地的监测始于上世纪70年代,近年来更是对两极实现了常规化观测,因此能最快掌握极地发生的变化。
“我国已经明确把极地作为‘战略新疆域’,应尽快改变遥感卫星忽视两极的局面,切实服务‘一带一路’、军民融合等国家战略。”程晓认为,“必须加大力度提高我国极地监测能力,尤其是卫星遥感监测能力,增强我国的极地科学研究话语权。”
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