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武汉查酒驾“株连”同车者 媒体:创新莫越法治
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Topic: 武汉查酒驾“株连”同车者 媒体:创新莫越法治 (Read 168 times)
sadasm
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武汉查酒驾“株连”同车者 媒体:创新莫越法治
July 16, 2017, 03:35:58 AM
#1
查酒驾“株连”同车者,方式仍欠妥。毕竟,“管理创新”和行政越权的边界,不能被模糊。
近日,武汉市公安局交管局的一项新政引发热议:酒后驾车,除司机受罚之外,同车乘客乃至同桌饮酒者,均将视司机违法情节轻重,接受现场教育、1小时深度教育两种形式的处理。当地交管局称,新政是为加大对酒驾、醉驾的打击教育力度,关于对同车、同桌者开展教育具体举措目前还在研究当中。
酒驾者的“同车、同桌”也要接受教育,被某些人认为有“株连”之嫌。当地有关部门给出的解释则是:“我们是教育,没说过要处罚”。
毋庸置疑,追责酒驾同车人的初衷挺好,也有助于加强对酒驾的震慑力。但实用考量的前提是经过了“合规性论证”。
就目前看,涉事警方避不开追问:如果对同车人的处理不是“行政处罚”只是“教育”,那他们可不可以不接受这样的“教育”?如果这种“教育”是强制的,和行政处罚区别在哪里?法律依据又在哪里?
《治安管理处罚法》明确把“警告”作为行政处罚措施之一。按照所谓“新政”,处理违法酒驾者的同时,对同车者现场教育或1小时深度教育,并非一般意义上的宣传教育,而是一种事实上的行政处罚或行政强制。
现代法治的基础是,每个人对自己的行为承担责任,而不能够任意波及、株连到他人。一个人醉驾,法律责任不能推及违法行为之外的人身上。
首先,这种“波及”他人,没有法律依据,《道路交通安全法》规定的酒驾处罚对象就是违法者,并没把同桌者、同饮者作为“共犯”来处罚。而“法无明文授权不得为”,是依法行政的重要原则。
其次,同桌者、同饮者本身是个外延很模糊的概念,有的是半路上车的,有的是临时赴宴的,对当事人醉驾本身可能不知情,如果受“池鱼之殃”,很难体现法治公平性。
有人认为,最近有些醉驾导致车祸的判决当中,同饮者也要部分承担赔偿责任,将之作为“同饮劝酒者也要接受交通违法教育”的理由。
但这混淆了民事责任和行政责任的边界。依据最高法相关司法解释,作为聚会的活动组织人、参与人,一般要对活动承担“合理范围内的安全保障义务”,对于同饮者最后那一家发生人身损害的,可能被认定没有承担“合理的安全保障义务”,可能要做出一定的赔偿,这是个民事责任,更多地体现了公平补偿原则;酒驾之后对同桌、同饮者进行“教育”,则是行政责任划定,应该明确违法的边界。
近年来,个别地方交警在惩治交通违法、宣传文明驾车方面“自选动作”挺多,包括之前某地交警让“乱开远光灯”的司机“自愿”看远光灯一分钟。本意是好的,但手段仍需讲究。
在全面推进依法治国的当下,“管理创新”和行政越权的边界应被恪守,任何执法创新也该经过合法性论证。动用新科技、大数据等新手段提高交通管理水平,是一回事;在无法律明确授权的情况下,直接对公民适用法律之外的实质性处罚、设定法律之外的义务,是另一回事。
而今,当地还在对此争议性举措研究,审慎些挺好。对于酒驾、醉驾者,警方的宣传警示教育创新,也是旨在对症下药,但依法而为才能让创新更有“通行基础”。
nnoca
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Re: 武汉查酒驾“株连”同车者 媒体:创新莫越法治
July 16, 2017, 05:40:29 AM
#2
这种惩处不合理,关同车者什么事啊?
ommochain
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⇾
Re: 武汉查酒驾“株连”同车者 媒体:创新莫越法治
July 16, 2017, 05:46:42 AM
#3
不能跟酒驾这同车啊,会被株连的。
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