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福建村民追索“肉身佛” 荷兰藏家称已转让佛像
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福建村民追索“肉身佛” 荷兰藏家称已转让佛像
July 16, 2017, 10:17:04 AM
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当地时间14日下午,中国福建村民向荷兰藏家追讨章公祖师肉身坐佛像的首场法庭听证,在阿姆斯特丹地区法院结束。由于被告奥斯卡·范奥维利姆声称已将佛像转手,福建村民诉讼代表坚持要求法庭判决被告为其佛像转手之说提供证据,并公布佛像新持有者的身份信息。
原告律师
“被告属欺诈性转让”
原告律师指出,被告在答辩书中自述,他在得知福建村民计划提起诉讼时,与第三方达成交换协议,用争议佛像交换了该对方私人收藏的艺术品;该第三方对佛像有关争议完全知情,希望保持匿名。“根据荷兰《民法典》,这种情况下的交换行为是对良好道德的违背,对礼仪和秩序的冒犯,也是‘欺诈性转让’,目的在于阻却原告行使追索佛像的权利。”
据此,原告律师重申已于两周前向法庭提交的补充诉求,要求判决被告提交其所述“交换协议”,公布第三方身份信息,并判决此“交换协议”非法且无效。
阳春村和东浦村村民连续数日驻守普照堂,依古制上香祈祷章公祖师还乡。 林文青摄 阳春村和东浦村村民连续数日驻守普照堂,依古制上香祈祷章公祖师还乡。 林文青摄
荷兰藏家
“第三方希望匿名”
范奥维利姆答称“交换协议”仅为口头协议,并无书面文件,也没有协议商谈期间的往来邮件可供提交。其律师以第三方希望保持匿名为由,要求当庭驳回原告的补充诉求,未获法庭同意。
被告律师随即提出“原告诉求发生改变,需补充答辩”,法庭予以认可,并要求被告在六周内提交补充答辩。
原定一小时的法庭听证持续了三个多小时。就此前提及的各项争议,如中国村民委员会有无诉讼主体资格、被告所购佛像是不是章公祖师、被告的购买行为是不是善意取得、佛像内的肉身是不是荷兰法律定义上无法产生所有权的“尸体”等问题,控辩双方继续各执己见。
原告申请对被告所购佛像做独立的科学鉴定,范奥维利姆又以第三方希望保持匿名为由予以拒绝。
法庭提议双方继续就佛像归还进行谈判,且邀请“交换协议”中的第三方也加入谈判。福建村民的律师表示同意,范奥维利姆仍然以第三方希望保持匿名为由予以拒绝。
村民在普照堂上香祈祷章公祖师还乡。 林文青摄 村民在普照堂上香祈祷章公祖师还乡。 林文青摄
■ 焦点
谁是佛像新的持有者?
听证结束后,被告范奥维利姆接受记者采访,称所购佛像不是章公祖师、佛像内含文卷所书汉字“不说明任何问题”。他说:“佛像新的持有者希望保持匿名,这不难理解。这件事已经给我带来很多麻烦,他不想有这些麻烦。”
代表福建村民出庭的中荷律师团荷兰诉讼代表、荷兰籍律师扬·霍尔特赫伊斯告诉记者,未来几个月,此案的关键是让范奥维利姆公布谁是佛像新的持有者。被告有权书面陈述其拒绝公布的理由,福建村民也有权再次提交书面陈述予以反驳,然后法庭才将就此做出裁决,其间可能耗时数月。
霍尔特赫伊斯说,“一旦得知新持有者的身份,我们就可将他引入诉讼程序,要求他归还佛像。如果法庭驳回这一诉求,我们就继续主张被告对佛像的获得不是善意取得、章公肉身是荷兰法律定义的‘尸体’不可被占有,并且主张被告将佛像转手对村民造成损害,应予以赔偿。”
有关被告对中国村民委员会诉讼主体资格的质疑,霍尔特赫伊斯告诉记者,原告已向法庭充分证明,依据中国法律,村委会具有特别法人资格;荷兰司法判例表明,不是法人也可提起诉讼,如有行使法律权利的必要,“代表”也曾被荷兰法庭接受。“所以,跨过这个涉及案件可受理性的障碍,对我们来说不会很困难。”
章公祖师像大事记
2014年10月
匈牙利自然科学博物馆举办展览,其中有一尊标名为约公元1100年的中国佛僧肉身宝像。
2015年3月
福建三明市大田县吴山乡阳春村村民称,展品与该村1995年被盗的宋代章公六全祖师肉身像极为相似。
2015年3月
福建省文物局确认,匈牙利展出的“肉身坐佛”应是阳春村1995年被盗的章公祖师像。
2015年11月
因荷兰藏家提出高额补偿和指定存放地点,让中方无法接受,福建方面启动跨国司法追索程序。
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