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各省市高温补贴怎么发?日补金额最多相差三倍
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Topic: 各省市高温补贴怎么发?日补金额最多相差三倍 (Read 148 times)
jiojio99
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各省市高温补贴怎么发?日补金额最多相差三倍
July 21, 2017, 04:04:45 AM
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国家安监总局在2012年《防暑降温措施管理办法》第十七条中指出,用人单位安排劳动者在35以上高温天气从事室外露天作业以及不能采取有效措施将工作场所温度降低到33 以下的,应当向劳动者发放高温津贴。高温津贴纳入工资总额,由省级人力资源社会保障行政部门会同有关部门制定,并根据社会经济发展状况适时调整。
澎湃新闻从政府相关部门及公开报道中梳理了全国31个省份的高温补贴标准,以观察其中的差异。
1.发放标准最多的类型是无差别发放
各省市高温补贴怎么发?日补金额最多相差三倍
目前全国31个省份尚未建立统一的高温补贴发放标准。从各地制定的标准来开,主要可以分为四个类型。
超过一半以上的地区按照月、日或小时无差别发放,这意味着不论气温高低或工作时间长短,每一个劳动者获得的高温补贴都是相同的。
另一种是在规定发放高温津贴的月份里按工作场所及温度变化划分,基本上可以分为室外高温和室内两种类型。相比之下,重庆市的分类标准最详细,不仅按温度区间细分标准,还在措辞上用数值代替文字描述。
除此之外,还有两种标准是动态调整的。一种是像四川省这样根据省内区域动态调整,另一种是像天津市这样按照收入比例动态调整。目前天津市实行的标准,不仅是目前31个省市区中日高温补贴金额最高的,同时也是高温补贴金额调整最频繁的。
2.一个标准平均要延用4.3年
各省市高温补贴怎么发?日补金额最多相差三倍
新华社在7月16日刊发的高温津贴落实调查中指出,一些地区的高温补贴标准多年不变,未根据当地的经济发展及天气情况进行调整。那么这个“多年不变”到底达到了什么程度?
从已公布的28个地区的高温补贴最新标准来看,平均一个标准会被延用4.3年。其中,标准延用时间最长的是湖南省,12年来一直按照2005年公布的标准发放高温补助。近期刚进行过调整的是河北省,从事室外露天作业的劳动者每小时增加0.5元,即由2015年标准的每小时1.5元调整为现行标准的每小时2元。
还有的省份虽然看似调整了标准,实质上却是“换汤不换药”。新华社记者在对比了广东现行的2012年标准和2007年的旧版高温补贴标准后发现,除了将室内外高温补贴标准调至一致外,补贴金额始终维持在月人均150元的水平。随着物价不断上涨,一瓶矿泉水从10年前的五毛钱涨到了如今的两块,高温补贴标准如果一直不变,显然并不合理。
3.三省市区可能未达到高温补贴发放温度标准
在各省市区政府公布的高温补贴标准中,黑龙江、西藏和青海至今没有明确出台高温补贴标准,但从这三个省市区的历史气温数据中或许可以得到解释。
国家气象局气象数据中心的公开数据显示,1955年至2016年上述三省市区省会城市哈尔滨、拉萨和西宁的历史最高气温分别达到39.2 、30.4 和36.5 ,但出现高温(33 及以上)天气的月份比例分别占到11%、0%和1.3%,未设立高温补贴标准是否不合理还有待商榷。
除此以外,包括北京、江西、宁夏和内蒙古在内的省份未在政府官网中公布高温补贴标准的细则,可能将造成“无法可依”的状况,导致许多劳动者未能按时,按标准领到高温津贴。新华社撰文指出,应该健全、完善职工高温津贴制度,及时适当调整高温津贴标准,通过工会等协助劳动者与企业平等协商,把高温天气劳动保护等写进劳动合同。
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