Legal Questions (involving patents, trademarks, etc.)

Greetings,

I have a few questions dealing with paperwork in reference to cryptocurrency. If you have the answer or can point me in the proper directions where I can read up on it, I'd greatly appreciate it. my questions are as follows...

1). Is it a good or bad indication of the legitimacy of an altcoin based on rather or not it is listed in a patents and trade database?

2). Even though Bitcoin is based upon open source code, I've noticed it has listings within the patent and trade database, but other coins I've researched I have not found patents but have found Dead Status trademarks, is there a way to discover if a coin's trademark has been filed in a foreign country (outside of the United States) without going to each nation's patent and trade website?

2b). How would one go about finding exactly which nation a patent or trademark was filed in, if the developers or website doesn't explicitly mention it?

3). If a company isn't registered with a trademark, or patented (even pending) does this remove legal obligation & liability from them to their investors/supporters?

4). If a company claims to have an application in development, how can one discover or find the patent-pending information?

4b). If one can not locate a filed and approved patent or a patent pending, what indication is that (if any) that the said application is actually in development?

thanks in advance.