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美军为何将X47B改为无人加油机 要猎杀中国东风21D
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Topic: 美军为何将X47B改为无人加油机 要猎杀中国东风21D (Read 107 times)
delicacy
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美军为何将X47B改为无人加油机 要猎杀中国东风21D
August 14, 2017, 07:51:43 AM
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X-47B无人机作为美国曾经名噪一时的舰载隐身无人机,因为被军方放弃了舰载无人作战飞机的计划,所以销声匿迹了一段时间。很多人以为,X-47B无人机项目会就此终结。如果是这样,你就小看了美国人!
据美国《航空周刊》8月13日报道,美国海军提出MQ-25“黄貂鱼”无人加油机计划,实现在航母上的无人机搭载,因此向4个国防厂商征求原型机。
而一张流出的照片显示,X-47B无人机再次露面,并且安装上了外挂油箱,扩充飞机的载油量。《航空周刊》的文章认为,诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司开发的X-47B无人机,很可能改造为为无人空中加油机,以竞标美国海军的MQ-25A“黄貂鱼”无人加油机。
《航空周刊》的文章透露,美国海军是在7月19日向4个国防承包厂商(波音公司、通用原子公司、洛克希德·马丁公司和诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司)提出设计意向书,征求MQ-25A无人加油机的原型概念,其中诺格公司在加州的棕榈谷的42号工厂中,一架改装的X-47B在机翼下安装了大型外载油箱,显然是为无人加油机标案在预做准备,或者是实验相关技术。
美国军方预计将在今年发布项目招标书,无人机的研发单位将在2018年下半年最终确定。根据美国一些专家的评估,这种无人加油机预计于2021年服役。该项目预计耗资约21.6亿美元。
美国海军发起研制无人加油机的招标,以便在2025年前装备到核动力航母上。换句话说,美军打造MQ-25A无人加油机就是为了在“福特”级航母上部署一款新的舰载加油机,而针对的主要对象是中国的“航母杀手”反舰弹道导弹。
美国海军高层官员一直表示对“福特”级航母的舰艇防御系统有信心,信心来源之一是,反舰弹道导弹尽管迫使航母不得不离对手的海岸线更远,随之带来的问题是,敌人的目标超出了航母舰载战斗机的打击范围,无法威胁对手境内的目标。但是如果能解决舰载战斗机的航程问题,那么航母就可以在反舰弹道导弹射程之外。
正是出于这个原因,美国海军正在研发类似MQ-25“黄貂鱼” 无人空中加油机。从效果上说,这种无人机可能让诸如F/A-18或者F-35C这类舰载战斗机的攻击范围扩大整整一倍。
据称,新的无人加油机将有助于维持美国航母舰队的力量投送优势。美军现有的大型空中加油机,例如空军KC-46A,机体太大,雷达信号非常明显,很容易遭遇敌方攻击。在这种情况下,海军必须发展一种隐形无人加油机,以便躲开敌方的雷达,隐藏在战斗机的航路上为其加油。
此前,诺斯罗普公司的X-47B技术验证无人机已在航母上进行了成功的无人控制起降。也就是说,美国海军在航母上操纵无人机的能力已经成熟,研制这种无人加油机并没有不可克服的困难。
不少美国防务学者认为,无人加油机的研制是美国海军计划的重点:在远离航母打击群的地方发现并摧毁敌人的反舰导弹。例如中国的东风-21D反舰弹道导弹能摧毁远及1450公里的水面舰艇。
美国海军先前的空中加油机是由A-6攻击机改造成的KA-6D加油机,服役时间从上世纪70年代到现在。不过随着机龄老化,多数的KA-6D已逐步除役,因此现在的加油机工作是以F/A-18战机机安装加油套件来暂代,变成战斗机为战斗机加油的模样。但是F/A-18的作战任务繁重,因此兼职为加油机会影响战斗机的出勤效率,所以仍然需要专职加油机才行,而MQ-25无人加油机就是其中一种方案。
除了MQ-25以外,MV-22鱼鹰倾转旋翼机也是可能的加油机人选,美国陆战队很希望在两栖突击队上有专属的加油机,先前MV-22已完成地面供油的测试,成效良好。不过MV-22的失事率太高,安全性颇受质疑。
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