When you talk about public keys, do you mean that can insert them on a site like iancolman and get a chain of addresses?
It depends what type of public key we are talking about.
Standard public keys will generate a single address. (Actually, a handful of addresses since you can have different address types - compressed or uncompressed, P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH, etc. - but lets keep things simple by talking about a single address type.) Each address in your wallet has one public key, and each public key generates exactly one address in your wallet. When people use the term "public key", this is usually what they are referring to.
Most wallets are what is known as hierarchical deterministic wallets, which use a number of levels when generating your wallet. They first generate a master private key and master public key, then use those to generate keys at the next level, then use
those to generate keys at the next level, then use
those to generate keys at the next level, and so on. Most wallets use 5 levels of derivation before reaching the individual public keys which generate your addresses. If you have any of these parent extended public keys, then you can use these to generate
all the individual public keys and addresses in your wallet. The most commonly used of these public keys are the master public key (at the top level), and the account extended public key (which is at level 3).