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城市不只是供人栖息的
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Topic: 城市不只是供人栖息的 (Read 119 times)
have1983
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城市不只是供人栖息的
October 26, 2017, 06:47:02 AM
#1
近日,有北大师生在微信公众号上提出设立“校园自然保护小区”等保持校园生物多样性措施的构想,这是在大都市区进行生态建设的一种创意,这个提议引发部分北大网友的热议。目前北大校园内监测到的动物有300多种,其中甚至包括国家一级保护动物金雕,还有超过470种高等植物。建立“校园自然保护小区”显然契合眼下观念和现实状态,人类建造城市不只是供人类栖息,而且也应当让更多的动植物生存。理由很简单,在人类未建设城市之前,所有的土地和环境都是供动植物栖息生存繁衍的,只不过,城市修建后,人类的密集居住吓走和驱离甚至伤害了动物,才似乎让人成为城市唯一的居住者。但是,只有人生存的城市既违背生物多样性的原则,也不会让人生存得更好。仅从自然景观来看,没有鸟语花香的城市算不上宜居城市,更何况除了人与人的共赢外,还有人与自然的共赢,后者才是人类文明的一个更高境界,值得去追求和实现。人与自然的和谐早就成为世界的共识。1984年,联合国在其“人与生物圈”报告中提出了城市的创建和发展不仅是有利于人类居住和生存,还要兼顾动植物的栖息和生存,因此提出了5项原则:生态保护战略,包括自然保护,动、植物区系及资源保护和污染防治;生态基础设施(自然景观和腹地对城市的持久支持能力);居民的生活标准;文化历史的保护;将自然融入城市。这5项原则中有3项都提到城市是供人和动植物栖息生存的,因此从本质上看,城市尽管是人建造、为人的生存而设计、为人的生活而布局的,但归根结底还是为人与万物的共同栖息和生存而建造的。也因意识到这个问题的重要性,生态城市的概念在1987年首次提出,使得人与自然和谐共生成为现代城市规划与发展的重要目标,也成为城市人的行为准则之一。北京大学师生花15年的时间记录和监测校园物种并提出了建立“校园自然保护小区”的倡议,而且在具体方式上有所涉及,如在自然保护小区的部分区域停止清理枯木、落叶,不打除草剂等农药,从而起到保护生物多样性的效果,这是人与自然共生存同患难理念的体现,也是“人与生物圈”5原则的具体体现。进一步讲,北京大学或全国其他大学在科研方面有得天独厚的条件,还可以通过科研进一步深化理念和行为,比如如何让生物多样性的价值更多体现在生活中。城市环境影响动植物的栖息和生存也一直是各国科学研究的热门话题。城市噪音影响动物,尤其是鸟类等的生存就已经有了很多研究成果:荷兰莱顿大学的研究人员汉斯?斯拉伯克恩比较了欧洲10个主要城市和附近森林里生活的大山雀的叫声,发现城里的大山雀的叫声更尖,语速也比较快而短。为了在城市生活,鸟类必须改变叫声以适应城市环境。在城市生活的雄性大山雀用高昂快速的声音守护其领地,赶走竞争者,并吸引雌鸟前来相会和安家。如果这些鸟儿还使用适应农村或森林的低频率的声音,便无法立足和栖息于城市。其实,这也提出了一个视角,人类可以做一些什么来让鸟类和其他动植物更适应城市环境。例如,相比于城市的其他地方,所有城市的大学校园都是一块“静土”,比城市中交通要道等地的噪音低得多,因此可以进行研究,城市校园中的生物多样性是否优于城市的其他地方,如果是,就有必要建立和保护城市中的良好校园环境,让城市动物有一个更好的栖息地。另一方面,正如大自然的千姿百态一样,既有森林等安静的地方,也有大瀑布一样的喧闹之地,后者同样也有很多动物栖息,对比这些地方的喧闹研究在城市把噪音控制在什么水平才利于动物的栖息,也是实现生态城市以及建立和完善城市生物多样性的重要任务。
hkjujajc
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Re: 城市不只是供人栖息的
October 26, 2017, 07:03:39 AM
#2
浪费时间的地方,要不让他们去哪里呢,哪里都没有这里人多啊
violet1
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⇾
Re: 城市不只是供人栖息的
October 26, 2017, 12:28:27 PM
#3
现在的城市污染这么厉害,农村很多地方也没法呆了,城市化进程带来的弊端,就看政府怎么解决了
yangshenglu
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Activity: 161
Merit: 16
Re: 城市不只是供人栖息的
October 26, 2017, 12:44:23 PM
#4
房子都被国人给玩坏了,已经失去了本来的意义
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