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代驾碰瓷”引发醉驾案,法律能否宽宥
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Topic: 代驾碰瓷”引发醉驾案,法律能否宽宥 (Read 89 times)
flat1983
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代驾碰瓷”引发醉驾案,法律能否宽宥
November 01, 2017, 02:45:25 AM
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对于“醉驾”行为确属“代驾碰瓷”所致,依法定罪免刑,或者从轻处罚,还是可能的。你叫的可能不是代驾,而是“代价”。最近,关于“代驾碰瓷”的话题,引发网友热议。日前警方曾通报案例:醉酒车主王某出酒店正用手机APP寻找代驾,碰瓷者穿着代驾公司制服出现,声称“保证安全送到家,绝对按标准收费”。在快到车主小区时,碰瓷者借故离开,等车主自己开动车10来米,同伙便驾车制造追尾事故,以报警相威胁索要高额钱财,王某被索去5万元。代驾碰瓷要挟车主索要钱财,其实是在“趁醉打劫”,涉嫌敲诈勒索,可以依据其敲诈数额、情节予以处罚,甚至是刑事处罚。若车主遇到这类“碰瓷”,人如清醒,可以及时存证和报警;即便当时不便,事后也可报警或找涉事平台维权。打击“趁醉打劫”,很有必要。那遇到这种情况的醉酒车主,又能否获得法律上的宽宥呢?我的答案是肯定的。危险驾驶罪,是2011年刑法修正案(八)对刑法新增第133条之一所规定的罪种,是指在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶,情节恶劣,或者醉酒驾驶机动车的行为。由于法条对“追逐竞驾”后缀了“情节恶劣”的要求,而对“醉酒驾驶”没有这样的后缀,便有了只要达到醉驾标准就应追究刑事责任——“醉驾一律入刑”的说法,我曾经也撰文支持过该看法。但现在看来,这种观点存在片面性。因为刑法133条之一只是分则条文,依然要受总则条款的制约,不能只见树木而不见森林。总则第13条为犯罪下了这样的定义,可简略表述为:一切危害社会的行为,依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的,都是犯罪,但是情节显著轻微危害不大的,不认为是犯罪。拿警方之前公布的代驾碰瓷案为例,王某确实酒驾了一小段路。但因为其主观上本有安全驾驶意识,客观上找了“代驾”;全程绝大部分路程由“代驾”完成,对公共安全的危害性明显减小;其“醉驾”了一小段路的行为,也是其被碰瓷者下套所致。综合判断,王某的“醉驾”行为,应当符合“情节显著轻微危害不大”的要求,依法不应认定为犯罪。此外,最高法院今年5月公布的《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见(二)》规定:“对于醉酒驾驶机动车的被告人,情节显著轻微危害不大的,不予定罪处罚;犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚的,可以免予刑事处罚。”显然,这可以看作权威机构对“醉驾一律入刑”的公开否定,只是该《意见》目前只在天津、辽宁等8省市试点,尚未全面施行。不过,最高司法机关对“醉驾并非一律入刑”的态度,已很明确。总之,对于“醉驾”行为确属“代驾碰瓷”所致,即使法律上尚不能完全除罪,但依法“免予刑事处罚”(定罪免刑),或者从轻处罚,还是可能的。因为这样,才能体现罪责刑相适应的刑法原则。
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