Sure, there are plenty of options - just check out stackoverflow.com:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/749195/is-there-a-resource-that-helps-people-find-oss-foss-projects-to-participate-inHonestly though, I really wouldn't focus on bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies, simply because you'll require an exceptionally strong background in CS and maths. If you are not mathematically inclined, it will be incredibly painful to make even minor changes. Keep in mind that bitcoin et al are also about p2p, networking, privacy etc - so there are definitely many options, but the expertise you mentioned is all mostly web-development, i.e. no compiled languages - but bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are traditionally implemented in compiled languages like C, C++ or CUDA/OpenCL.
With your DBA focus, btc is also of questionable use, simply because it's basically a distributed hash database - nothing like conventional SQL, more like "noSQL" solutions.
You could probably look for projects that you are interested in by joining sourceforge or freshmeat.
Again, starting out with bitcoin/cryptography is going to be a hefty experience without any relevant background experience.
Some "beginner" work would be triaging bug reports, contributing to wikis, fixing documentation, helping on forums. But if you are set on doing development, you will want to look for "mini projects".