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资金“北上”后,A股估值会和国际接轨吗?
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Topic: 资金“北上”后,A股估值会和国际接轨吗? (Read 121 times)
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资金“北上”后,A股估值会和国际接轨吗?
November 23, 2017, 02:51:24 AM
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本文作者广发证券陈杰策略团队,来源于广发策略研究,原文标题《资金“北上”后,A股估值会和国际接轨吗?》,授权华尔街见闻发表。近期随着A股被纳入MSCI新兴市场指数,投资者高度关注“北上”资金对A股造成的中长期影响。在互联互通机制下,“北上”资金的投资风格有何不同?会不会引导A股原有估值体系和国际接轨?就此问题,我们的基本看法如下:1、A股“入摩”后国际化已成定局,互联互通机制下“北上”资金配置比例增加,A股原有的“游戏规则”正在发生改变。深沪港通开启后,互联互通机制进一步完善,加上今年纳入MSCI新兴市场指数的影响,未来A股市场格局更加开放,将逐渐脱离相对封闭的市场环境。从长期影响来看,A股开放造成的最直接影响为外资参与资金规模的扩容,参考台湾、韩国的经验,本国股指被纳入MSCI后外资持股市值及交易额有了显著的提升(例如台股纳入MSCI指数后,外资持股市值占比提升了近20%;交易额占比上升了近30%)。可以预期的是,未来会有更多的“北上”资金,对A股原有的投资生态造成显著影响。从我们近期路演反馈的情况来看,有越来越多的机构投资者开始关心“北上资金”的投资风格和交易模式,跟去年下半年的险资类似,今年以来的外资成为了当前存量博弈市场中的一股不可忽视的“增量”边际力量。2、增量的外资有特定的风格偏好,按照陆股通资金(深沪港通)的经验,今年以来“北上”资金对A股蓝筹白马股的市场表现起到了“推波助澜”的作用,引导蓝筹白马股估值与国际接轨;而以往备受市场追捧的高估值、中小市值股、题材股则被抛弃,原有的高估值溢价逐渐收敛,也体现出与国际接轨的特征。去年年底深港通开启以来,资金加快了“南下”和“北上”的速度,南下资金填补了港股的部分“价值洼地”,北上资金则推动了价值/成长、大盘/小盘风格估值的收敛。从新高、新低个股的市值和市盈率分布也可以看出A股折溢价收敛的趋势,1150只跌破2016年1月27日熔断后2638点股价的创新低个股平均市值小于100亿,PE(TTM)高达62倍;而287只突破2015年6月12日市场5178高点股价的创新高个股平均市值高达456亿,平均估值仅有16倍。从行业特征来看,陆股通资金对于消费股有“特殊”的偏好,这对今年以来的消费白马市场表现起到了推动作用。3、那么全球视野下,什么是真正的估值与国际接轨?——静态的估值比较缺乏参考意义,我们更加关注估值和盈利的动态平衡。我们比较全球各类股票市场的典型代表(欧美市场的美国、德国、英国;亚洲市场的日本、中国、香港和印度;拉美市场的巴西),发现大部分行业在不同国家估值的标准差都很大,这说明由于不同行业估值绝对水平的全球差异很大,难以出现全球化的接轨。但这并不意味着估值的国际比较就没有意义,我们需要从估值与盈利能力的动态平衡的角度来考虑估值的国际比较:从严格意义上来说,估值是市场依据盈利能力(的预期)对标的资产进行定价的结果,由于各个国家同一行业的盈利能力是有差异的,与这种盈利能力相对应的估值也就会有差异,因此,盈利能力与估值是一种动态的平衡,两者之间应该存在一种线性关系。从PB和ROE的匹配来看,A股整体估值已经基本和国际接轨。4、在ROE和PB动态平衡的新视角下,目前国内A股各行业的估值水平与国际比较表现各异,其中必须消费品估值已和国外接轨,经历上半年快速上涨后部分领域如食品饮料估值出现了溢价。A股各行业中,估值基本与国际接轨最具代表性的行业是必须消费品,部分行业如食品饮料、医药等存在小幅溢价,这与今年上半年极其“不确定”的宏观和流动性环境有关,“北上资金”的偏好又进一步拉大了相关公司尤其是消费白马的“确定性溢价”。5、但分行业来看,A股并未实现全部行业估值与国际接轨,结构性高估(如TMT)和结构性低估(如银行)仍然同时存在,未来盈利趋势和资金面因素决定了相关行业估值是否能与国际接轨。全球视野下,新兴产业(软件与服务、技术硬件、信息技术与服务等)的估值水平依然不低,而外延并购退潮、业绩承诺不达预期的风险或使相关行业盈利面临下行压力,加大估值向下回归压力;银行板块仍是新视角下A股被结构性低估的行业,PB和ROE的匹配程度好于美国和大多数国家但弱于香港股市。动态来看,未来结构性高估或低估的行业估值是否能够与国际接轨取决于盈利(ROE)和资金面的两大驱动因素:一方面,取决于增量资金的边际影响,上文我们提到了外资成为了当前存量市场下的重要边际增量,未来随着A股外资机构投资者占比不断提升,投资偏好的变化会对原有估值体系产生持续的影响,但短期内增量的外资相对A股庞大的市值规模影响较为有限,因此估值折溢价回归的进程必定是缓慢的;另一方面,取决于相关行业ROE趋势的变化,短期内对估值的影响更为关键,ROE下行趋势中的高估行业和ROE上行趋势中的低估行业均可能面临估值的均值回归。
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资金“北上”后,A股估值会和国际接轨吗?
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