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公募下调乐视网估值后 贾跃亭平仓危机变数丛生
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Topic: 公募下调乐视网估值后 贾跃亭平仓危机变数丛生 (Read 128 times)
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公募下调乐视网估值后 贾跃亭平仓危机变数丛生
November 23, 2017, 10:02:18 PM
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本文作者为邬川,来源于腾讯财经棱镜,原文标题为《公募下调乐视网估值 贾跃亭平仓危机变数丛生》。7月8日,在贾跃亭宣布辞去董事长一职之后,内外交困的乐视网又迎来公募基金的估值“挤兑”危机。多家重仓持有乐视网的公募基金发布公告称,旗下持有乐视网(300104.SZ)的基金产品将对其估值进行下调。除此之外,市场人士担心,乐视网目前存有大量的质押股票,如果股价击穿平仓线导致平仓抛售,那么无论对于贾跃亭、孙宏斌还是乐视网的投资者而言,都将站在峭壁边缘。但目前贾跃亭绝大部分质押股权被司法冻结,暂时无法被质权机构处置,股价稍有喘息之机。下调估值后复牌何去何从中邮基金与嘉实基金在调整后将其估值为22.37元/股,易方达基金将其估值下调至22.0元。与乐视网4月14日的30.68元停牌价相较,估值跌幅分别为27.09%和28.13%,相当于或超过三个跌停板的跌幅。估值下调的影响已然体现在基金净值当中。从机构持仓名单来看,中邮与嘉实基金主要是主动偏股型基金持仓乐视网,而易方达基金则是被动指数型基金。值得注意的是,上述三家基金均从7月7日起就开始下调乐视网股价估值,而7月7日上证指数收红,创业板微跌,但从7日的基金净值变动来看,中邮基金旗下的多只基金跌幅居前,其中中邮战略新兴产业混合跌3.21%,中邮核心竞争力混合跌2.85%。“即便乐视没有复牌,但只要下调估值,对其重仓的基金产品净值带来的只能是大跌。”一位公募基金经理分析道。他判断,投资者会害怕复牌后乐视暴跌对基金净值产生更大影响,在乐视停牌期间选择赎回。中邮基金近期披露的公募基金中报显示,多只产品遭遇净赎回。比如中邮战略新兴产业基金,其份额从一季度末的12.52亿份下降到二季末的11.44亿份。“同样这也存在一个套利机会,在乐视停牌期间去申购基金份额,或许能得到乐视复牌后的估值回归后的额外收益。”毕竟三个跌停的估值下调,短期内是较为悲观的预期。如果孙宏斌入主董事会,带来更多现金流和公司改革,纠正市场悲观情绪,加之二级市场的一些救市动作,股价届时不一定会连续三个跌停。对于参与定增乐视网即将解禁的投资机构而言,估值下调带来的是账面浮亏增大。2016年8月8日,乐视网进行1.07亿股定增发行,发行价为45.01元/股,财通基金认购3910万股、章建平认购2488万股、嘉实基金认购2133万股、中邮基金认购2133万股。2017年8月8日,上述定增股票将按时解禁。以停牌价30.68元来计算,四家投资方已浮亏超15亿元。“按照下调的估值,四家机构并不一定会实际亏那么多,只是这种悲观的预期会引导投资者抛售产生流动性枯竭。”上述公募基金经理认为,解禁日往往会带来大跌,因此复牌之后,散户都害怕机构出货而抛售。但是浮亏这么大,机构投资者还是会选择持股抗住。质押股权的平仓危局对于乐视网股价而言,在解禁、估值下调的双重压力下,同样不可忽视的还有质押股权的平仓危机。中国结算中心的数据显示,乐视网在停牌日4月17日的股票质押比例在31.06%,无限售股份质押数量为5383万股,有限售股份质押数量为56573万股,质押笔数为1363笔。截至7月8日,乐视网的质押比例提高到了32.65%,无限售股份质押数量为63929万股,有限售股份质押数量为1194万股。质押笔数为1258笔。可以看出,无限售股份质押增加近10倍,而有限售股份质押数量骤减98%。2017年5月14日,2199万股的增发限售股得以解禁,但数量远远少于有限售股份质押减少的数量。这意味着,有机构股东在停牌期间,将其限售股份的质押进行了大规模赎回,而流通股股东进行了大份额的股份质押。这说明,如果乐视网复牌连续大跌,击穿质押平仓线,那么无限售股将会优先被质押机构所抛售进行止损。“无限售股的质押增加这么多,对于平仓带来的股价冲击会很大。”一位私募基金总监如此表示,打个比方,十万股挂单平仓,和一百万股挂单平仓,挂单的价格肯定不一样。7月5日,公司公告称,作为最大股东和实际控制人,贾跃亭直接持有和通过乐视控股间接持有的公司5.19亿股已被上海市高院轮候冻结,占总股本26.3%,股权价值近160亿元。根据腾讯财经了解,贾跃亭已经质押4.97亿股,占其个人持股总数的97.20%。有市场人士担心,如果这4.97亿股被冻结的质押股票,复牌后股价大跌击穿平仓线,遭遇爆仓,质权机构能否优先卖出止损?“如果这部分股权要被平仓卖出,对市场的冲击不言而喻。”一位市场人士分析,但一般都会和质押机构协商,追加保证金以保证不被平仓。但根据《民诉解释》第157条规定:“人民法院对抵押物、质押物、留置物可以采取财产保全措施,但不影响抵押权人、质权人、留置权人的优先受偿权。”同时,上交所与深交所的《股票质押式回购交易及登记结算业务办法》及附件的风险揭示书也说明,经质押登记的股票有被司法冻结的风险。因此对于上市公司股票质押融资业务,在办理了质押登记之后,质物有可能会被法院依申请或依职权采取保全措施。由于质权无法对抗法院的财产保全执行权,在上市公司股票质押融资业务中,质权和债权的实现有可能会受到司法程序干扰。因此,对于这4.9亿股而言,财产保全的司法冻结优先于金融机构的股票质押。即便是贾跃亭的股权质押遭遇爆仓,也无法被质权机构平仓卖出止损。对于贾跃亭而言,击穿平仓线的爆仓危机暂时得以解除,但麻烦还在后面。
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