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历史上最后一个遭受腰斩处死的犯人是谁?
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Topic: 历史上最后一个遭受腰斩处死的犯人是谁? (Read 98 times)
vbq660
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历史上最后一个遭受腰斩处死的犯人是谁?
December 08, 2017, 11:59:11 PM
#1
话说死刑分好多种,像我们司空见惯的有什么砍头、枪毙或是注射之类等,这都是比较人道的,而有一种死刑因太过惨烈现在已经见不到了,这就是--腰斩!腰斩,顾名思义,就是把人从腰部一分为二,斩为两段,仅凭想象我们都能感受到那幅惨绝人寰的画面,还有受刑之人那种不能承受之痛苦,实在是非人类所能及也!因场面太过血腥,所以后来腰斩此刑法就被取缔了。那么最后一个遭受腰斩死刑的犯人是谁呢?他就是曾在清朝康熙、雍正年间两朝为官的翰林侍讲学士的俞鸿图。▲江南贡院清代最大科举考场戊子科(1888年)俞鸿图(生年不详-1734年),字麟一,浙江海盐人。雍正十年五月,俞鸿图被皇帝钦点为河南学政,也就相当于我们现在的教育厅长,那可是炙手可热的权位。后在此位上遭河南巡抚王士俊弹劾,称其考试不公,贪赃舞弊,有欺瞒圣上之嫌。此奏折引发雍正龙颜大怒,于十二年三月亲批俞死刑,后被执行腰斩。关于俞鸿图腰斩的说法,有现代人林涛的历史通俗读物《正说清朝三百年》。书中声称,俞鸿图是中国最后一位处以腰斩的政府官员,由于行刑场面太过凄惨骇人,连雍正闻之都于心不忍,此后被皇上下旨废除腰斩刑法。因此俞鸿图也就成了被腰斩的最后一个人。▲清朝科举考试的号房那么俞鸿图究竟犯了什么罪,以至于遭受腰斩之酷刑呢?其实,俞鸿图并非大贪大腐之人,虽然不及海瑞两袖清风,也不如包拯清正廉明,却也说得上是行的端走的正的磊落之人,要不然他也不会两朝为官了。虽然身为官二代,但他从不张扬,行事谨小慎微,严以律己,算是一个不可多得的清官吧。然而,身处官场却不懂变通,不能左右逢源,不会欺下谄上这套《厚黑学》,俞鸿图注定是要在官场栽跟头的。首先说俞鸿图这个人有点清高自傲,依仗自己出身好,且才高八斗,大有目中无人的感觉。这也是他遭弹劾后而无人替其求情的重要原因,最终造成了他腰斩的下场。在朝中如此,外放到地方仍然我行我素,俞鸿图的孤傲个性引起了许多同僚的不满,这里面就有河南巡抚王士俊。▲清代科举考试试卷先来看看俞鸿图的学政究竟是什么官职:学政;;提督学政的简称,是由朝廷委派到各省主持院试,并督察各地学官的官员。学政任职期间,均保持提学任职以前的品级,与督抚平行,不问本人官阶大小,在此期间皆按钦差待遇。学政是一省中三个级别最高的长官。尽管级别相同,因巡抚主管行政,手握实权,是名副其实的封疆大吏,所以理论上讲巡抚还是要高于学政。但俞红图自恃为顾命钦差,平日里言行举止间都不自觉要压王士俊一头,这就引起了河南巡抚的强烈不满。正好有人反映给王士俊一件事,引起了他高度重视,说是俞鸿图身为学政高官,但有以权谋私的嫌疑。有考生花高价银两从学政府购买考题,然后在院试中拔得头筹,实乃徇私舞弊之举。王士俊闻报不动声色,让属下暗暗查明详情。▲紫光阁始建于明代,清朝是皇帝阅射和殿试武举之所应该说俞鸿图咎由自取,本来就该吸取的教训却没能记住,因为在雍正五年他曾以编修出任江西乡试副主考时,就被人告发收受举人的牌坊银。后来多亏雍正不做计较,只给了个革职留用的不痛不痒的处分,不久即官复原职。虽然此后俞鸿图也行事倍加小心,每到一府,就下令紧锁试院,还令手下仆从分做内外两班,各司其职,不许串岗交头接耳,也不许擅自出入试院,手段虽然严厉,却可惜用人不当,被别有用心的人钻了空子。正所谓"百密一疏",俞鸿图看似严密的防御体系却从他的后院开始攻破,让他始料不及的是他最疼爱的小妾却出卖了他。俞鸿图的小妾本是一个贪慕虚荣之人,动辄不菲的花销让她常常感到俞给的钱远远不能满足自需,而其下人投其所好,想出了泄密试题给考生的发财捷径。主仆想法不谋而合,很快达成协议,于是乎,背着俞鸿图,手下一干人等做起了贩卖试题考卷等攫取巨额利润的不法勾当。▲清代科举乡试的"准考证"来瞧瞧这些人的泄密手段:1 暗度陈仓俞鸿图不是命内外仆从不得擅自互入对方守地么,但你俞老爷总得穿衣服吧,那么机会就来了。下人就把需要传递的文章夹在俞鸿图需要换洗的衣物里,外面仆人递进来,里边的仆人偷偷取出来送给应试的考生,乐此不疲。2 移花接木有花了重金行贿的考生,往往是些"嘴尖皮厚腹中空"的主,面对试卷可谓一看三不知,根本不知如何下手。这时候收了贿银的小妾就要粉墨登场了。她会施展各种手段,比如肚子疼或身子不舒服等,诱使监考的俞鸿图离场安抚。这时候仆人就会把外面早就安排好的枪手换来答卷,最终草包居然也能荣登榜首。3 偷天换日也有一些真才实学的莘莘学子,明明完完整整做好了每道考题,满以为会榜上有名,不料盼来望去却是名落孙山。其实他们的名字早被舞弊者偷偷换掉了名姓,胜利的果实已被他人摘取。▲科举考试舞弊之物由于屡屡泄题和徇私舞弊,致使那些学业往往一窍不通之徒都被录取,久而久之,在社会上造成了极其败坏的影响。一时间流言蜚语四起,人们都痛斥俞鸿图纳贿徇私,而俞鸿图听罢却不以为然,他以为自己清者自清,何须多做解释。然而官场险恶,人心叵测。俞鸿图的大意失察和没有重视却被别人钻了空子。河南巡抚王士俊查明此事后,于是在五月上疏奏言俞鸿图考试不公,贪赃舞弊,败坏民风,表中还详细列举了一系列条款。当时的大清王朝重视科举制度,对其中的舞弊行为惩治严厉。所以很快雍正下旨,俞鸿图被革职查办。▲清代官员身份的象征,科举入仕考场的必备,笔墨一体的墨盒审讯伊始,俞鸿图大喊冤枉,拒不认罪。然而堡垒往往被从内部先于攻破。他的家人仆役没等板子打到屁股上,就竹筒倒豆子-----把自己的所作所为交代了个底朝天: 某日收取某人的银子,替某人传递考题答案; 某次替某人偷换考卷等等,但是为了逃避责任,这些人都异口同声咬定所作所为都是主母,也就是俞鸿图爱妾的授意指使。而作弊的考生也都一一招认所购买考题都是出自俞府仆人之手。这下俞鸿图百口莫辩,虽说自己并不知情,但爱妾已经签字画押,还在自己家里搜出巨额贿银,可谓人赃俱获,任你浑身是口,也不得不认罪伏法。雍正十二年三月,刑部拟定俞鸿图死罪,而他的父亲户部侍郎俞兆晟也因此被儿子牵连入狱。由于俞家问罪者多而无暇顾及俞鸿图,所以最后被腰斩的他受尽苦痛,惨嗥声撕心裂肺,令人不忍卒睹。▲清代举人官职牌最后一刻,断为两截的俞鸿图尚有意识,他用手蘸自己的血写下了七个"惨"字,可见其所受剧痛之烈!然而俞鸿图至死都不能明白他腰斩的缘由,所有这一切皆是他自身渎职和失察引起的。假如他能够洁身自好,立场坚定,不被美妾所左右意志;又或他能够严以律己的同时同样严厉约束下人,使仆人不敢有越轨的行为,那么他俞鸿图还会有大好前程等着的!可惜,一失足成千古恨,等俞鸿图清醒这一切的时候,已经惨遭腰斩,所以他只能在地狱中去忏悔了。我看他不应该写七个"惨"字,而是十个"悔"字,十足的悔恨交加啊!早知今日,何必当初!历史堂官方团队作品文:杨红志
IBMbnidfisao
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Re: 历史上最后一个遭受腰斩处死的犯人是谁?
December 09, 2017, 01:11:40 AM
#2
可惜,一失足成千古恨,等俞鸿图清醒这一切的时候,已经惨遭腰斩。
Jeanzhang
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Re: 历史上最后一个遭受腰斩处死的犯人是谁?
December 09, 2017, 02:17:47 AM
#3
腰斩,顾名思义,就是把人从腰部一分为二,斩为两段,受刑之人那种不能承受之痛苦,实在是非人类所能及也!
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