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泰坦尼克号中国幸存者:每天工作15小时 因国籍遭歧视
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Topic: 泰坦尼克号中国幸存者:每天工作15小时 因国籍遭歧视 (Read 28 times)
gph753
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泰坦尼克号中国幸存者:每天工作15小时 因国籍遭歧视
December 09, 2017, 06:15:59 AM
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泰坦尼克号的残骸(BBC)原标题:BBC揭泰坦尼克号中国幸存者辛酸史:像英雄一般 却因国籍遭歧视参考消息网12月3日报道英媒称,泰坦尼克号冰海沉船的故事广为人知,但是鲜有人知道,在这艘看似只有西方乘客的游轮上,还有一些华人幸存者,他们的经历为什么消失在历史尘埃中?据英国广播公司网站11月21日报道,1998年詹姆斯卡梅隆导演的电影《泰坦尼克号》在中国上映,露丝和杰克的爱情故事也广为流传。据报道,灾难发生时,泰坦尼克号上有8名华人,其中6人同电影里的露丝一样幸运的活了下来。但是他们同露丝以及真实幸存下来的700多位乘客不一样,他们的故事不仅没有被记载,而且本人还饱受歧视。今年47岁的美国海事历史学家史蒂文施文克特在一次研究英国水手的历史时,无意间发现英国泰坦尼克号上竟然有8名华人,他随即把这一发现告诉了英国纪录片导演亚瑟琼斯。琼斯说:我简直都不敢相信!有几位可能连英文都不会说的年轻华人,一百多年前背井离乡登上了泰坦尼克号。他们是怎么获救的,为什么没有任何人提及他们,他们从哪里来、到哪里去?我们应该去揭开这些谜团。琼斯和施文克特召集了来自中国、美国、英国等国家的十几人组成调查小组,他们很快发现,这8位华人大部分都是来自广东的职业水手,在泰坦尼克号上当锅炉工。他们当中年龄最大的37岁,最小的24岁。由于这些水手的名字的拼写有变化,琼斯说他们需要花费很长时间确认这就是他们要找的水手。根据《中国日报》的报道,锅炉工是船上最辛苦的工种,每天工作十四五个小时,而且当时华人船员的工资只有白人船员的五分之一。琼斯说:那个时代充满了‘种族歧视’。人们可能都没有意识到,但是他们的言语、行为都表现出白人的优越,华人、亚洲人连同意大利人和爱尔兰人都被认为是不如白人的外国人。然而,工资并不是8名船员因为种族歧视受到的最不公平的待遇,当泰坦尼克号撞上冰山那一刻,他们的苦难才真正开始。琼斯说:当时泰坦尼克号上只剩下一艘救生艇了,但是这艘救生艇是坏的,他们在绝望的情况下决定试一试。后来有幸存者说,因为当时奉行‘妇女小孩优先’,华人为了登上救生船打扮成妇女,还有人指责他们‘偷’了别人的位置。美国的《布鲁克林鹰报》事后报道说:没人能说清这些华人从哪里冒出来的,也不知道他们是怎么上了救生艇的,但他们确实坐在里面。但琼斯说:我们的调查发现这是不可能的,这些华人完全被冤枉,那些就是一些空位和一艘没有人要的破船,即使他们‘偷’了座位,那也是白人男子的座位。其中有一位叫人Fang Lang的华人并不在破救生艇上,而是把自己绑在一扇门板上。他在海上漂泊的时候被救生艇看到了,才幸运地活了下来。《中国日报》报道说,当时救生船的长官并不想救这个东亚人,还说救谁都比救他强,但是船员还是把Fang救了起来。幸存者卡罗林哥烈回忆说,Fang Lang用他的语言跟我们说话,但发现我们听不懂,他就主动推开一个吃力划桨的水手,拿起桨就划了起来。他就像个英雄一般,直到我们被大船救起。之后,泰坦尼克号沉船惨剧很快传到美国本土,美国热情接待了几乎所有的幸存者,但是这6位获救的华人命运却不同。琼斯说:当时不管你是哪里人,你都可以去医院治疗,有一些人留在美国,另一些人则在美国呆了一阵子再乘船去别的地方,但是因为《排华法案》,这6人甚至没有踏入美国国境。1882年美国总统切斯特艾伦阿瑟签署《排华法案》,将华人劳工拒于美国之外,1884年法案修订进一步限制了华人入境美国,同时阐明无论华人的国籍为何,该法皆适用。1902年《排华法案》延长时效,直到1943才被废止。琼斯说:不仅是官方,当时的一些美国人也很反华。有一些地方媒体发文说,别担心,这些华人很快就会离开!正如媒体预测的那样,24小时后,这6名经历身心重创的华人就从美国的埃利斯岛去了古巴,而后分散去了美国、加拿大、英国或者回到中国,那位到了美国的华人船员很可能还在二战期间为抗日筹款。琼斯说:他们就这样消失了,甚至没有家人在这次巨大的灾难后前来‘认领’他们。我们想找到他们,找到他们的子孙,还原一段被掩盖的历史。
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