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网约车门槛哪里最高
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Topic: 网约车门槛哪里最高 (Read 106 times)
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网约车门槛哪里最高
December 27, 2017, 02:36:42 AM
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中华全国律师协会反垄断专业委员会秘书长黄伟近日披露,数十个非一线城市的网约车准入标准高于一线城市,比如关于车辆轴距,北京和上海规定为2650毫米,有38个城市规定为2650毫米以上,有25个城市规定为2700毫米以上;关于车龄,北京上海未做限制,一百多个城市里有20%左右规定必须在两年以内,有50%左右规定必须在三年以内,有的城市如哈尔滨、阜阳规定必须是新车。黄伟认为,一些城市不恰当地抬高网约车门槛,与国家支持网约车等共享经济形态发展的要求是相冲突的。
之所以出现这种现象,有两个方面的因素不容忽视。一是,在车辆轴距、年限、价格等方面作严格限定,首先违背了市场的公平竞争原则。在其他领域,也出现过类似的情况——市场公平和法治水平往往从大城市向中小城市“递减”。二是,相较于一线城市,其他一些城市对于包括共享经济在内的新事物的价值和重要性认识不足,几乎是一种“通病”。
其实,从新经济的产业特征来看,非一线城市原本是有机会也应该向一线城市看齐的。传统产业的发轫和布局,一般都存在着以大城市为中心的差序格局,越是小城市,往往越处于产业的末端,在发展和应用上显得被动。但像网约车这样的共享经济模式,本来就是“去中心化”的,只要管理政策减少不必要的限制,秉持审慎包容态度,其发展水平完全比肩甚至超越一线城市。这方面已有现实案例,比如,作为二线城市的成都,由于网约车政策的宽松,网约车的发育程度就不逊于北上广深等一线城市。不过遗憾的是,像成都这样“超越式”发展网约车的,目前只有少数个案。
更值得警惕的是,由于政策的宽容度跟不上,在此轮新经济发展过程中,“小城市”与“大城市”之间的差距还可能被进一步拉大。在一线城市,由于有较完善的公共交通系统和较高的私家车普及率,人们对于传统出租车的依赖程度本来就相对较低,而在次一级城市,市民出行对传统出租车的依赖程度更高。在此背景下,二三线城市对网约车设置比一线城市更高的门槛,不仅影响了市民出行便利的提升,也让传统出租车行业改革创新失去了难得的机会。如此一来,无论是在市民的出行便利上,还是在出租车行业的服务水平上,非一线城市与一线城市的差距可能变得越来越大。
一些二三线城市网约车准入门槛设太高,是这些城市发展观念困境的一个缩影。网约车发展无论对促进传统出租车行业改革,还是对满足市民多元化出行需求和提高生活品质,还是对促进共享经济发展和扩大就业,都有着积极意义,如果过度限制其发展,无疑将贻误城市发展良机。在新经济时代,一个城市对共享经济业态做出种种严苛限制,也可能会让其出台的促进新经济发展的政策缺乏足够的说服力。
鉴于此,各地应按照国家发改委出台的政策要求,尽快完成对网约车政策的公平竞争审查,特别是那些设置过高门槛的二三线城市,应当像甘肃兰州、福建泉州等城市那样积极自我审查,把此前设置的高门槛降到合理程度,在支持网约车等共享经济发展和完善城市管理两个目标之间,找到一个最佳的平衡点。
部分年轻人逃离大城市,很快又原路返回,这里面的原因或许很多,也因人而异,但有一个原因很有代表性:在大城市习惯了共享出行,回到二三线城市,却发现打车都没那么方便,这与想象中的“中小城市生活更方便”形成了不小的反差。到底哪里生活更方便?从不同的城市为共享经济设置的门槛中,不难找到答案。
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