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用虫子消灭塑料污染不可行
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Topic: 用虫子消灭塑料污染不可行 (Read 38 times)
homewoll
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用虫子消灭塑料污染不可行
December 27, 2017, 03:17:54 AM
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近日,用小虫子消灭塑料污染的话题在朋友圈风传。它来自于一位化学和材料领域科学家的一场演讲,在演讲中,这位科学家举了蜡虫觅食跟降解聚乙烯以及黄粉虫觅食跟降解聚苯乙烯两个例子,核心信息是昆虫降解技术能成为解决塑料污染的“颠覆性”方案。
这个研究结果引起了很多人的欢呼,将该方法视为塑料污染的克星。
但是社会越是浮躁,越是需要冷静思考。今年4月份,《美国国家地理》杂志刊登了一篇评论文章,题为《吃塑料的小虫子能清理我们的垃圾吗?》。该文引述了一位海洋生物学家的观点:“聚乙烯本是一种高质量的聚酯材料,有不少现有技术可以实现它的升级再生利用,废物收集后每吨价值可达500美元以上。在我看来,这(虫子吃塑料)称得上科学探索领域的一则佳话,但如果真的当做寻找聚乙烯废塑料的处理方案来看待,实则是在浪费金钱。”他表示,解决塑料污染的重点在减少源头产量和提高再生利用率。
“多此一举、浪费金钱”其实还是昆虫降解塑料技术风险的冰山一角。大概就在上述质疑出现的同期,英国《卫报》发表了一篇更具警示性的文章,题为《吃塑料的虫子?精彩故事无疑,但别忘了尾巴上还有毒刺》。文章引语开宗明义:“让蜡螟散布到环境里吃废塑料听起来很不错,但它们也会攻击蜜蜂的领地,最终威胁人类的农作物生产。”
这位科学家在演讲中将他们团队的发现称作“师法自然、化害为利”的好例子,但如果真如一些生态学家所警告的——为了解决人类的某一个问题,向自然界大量引入某些物种,尤其是对人类生存有重要意义的物种的天敌,岂不是背离了科学家自己所标榜的理念?如果不进一步做全面深入的生态风险分析,就盲目施用某项单一技术,难保不会重蹈环境保护失误,甚至是环境灾难的覆辙。
再退一步讲,纵使向环境大量投放吃塑料的虫子,它们既能在各种环境下生存,也不会破坏生态平衡,但小虫子再怎么说也不是《鹿鼎记》里的化尸粉,能顷刻间将垃圾变为无形。所以,我们未来的自然环境,很可能是塑料垃圾与附着在其上的虫子共存的景象,那恐怕是一种新型的视觉污染。而且,如果塑料成了虫子的主食,那么塑料垃圾越多,我们能看到的虫子也就越多,这真是我们所期待的美丽世界吗?
真正要解决问题还是要回归到问题的原点。塑料之所以成了污染,成了最严重的一种环境问题,一是过度生产和消费造成资源大量消耗以及有害废物大量排放;二是虽然再生利用技术已经存在,但因产品设计出了问题,使得后端回收和循环利用困难;三是垃圾管理不善,致使塑料废物大量流到环境当中。
这三个根本问题小虫子都解决不了,其实也无需它来解决。我们相对应的办法就是通过污染总量控制、生产者延伸责任制和绿色消费倡导,解决塑料垃圾产生规模的问题;通过生态设计、垃圾分类,提高塑料废物的再生利用率;通过完善垃圾收集和清运体系,减少失控塑料垃圾的总量。在这三大措施之下,或许未来会出现一些利用小虫子处理加工废塑料的工厂,生产出特殊的工农业原料,也未尝不可。
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