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比特币扩容如何解决?Schnorr签名可能成为比特币的下一步
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Topic: 比特币扩容如何解决?Schnorr签名可能成为比特币的下一步 (Read 102 times)
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比特币扩容如何解决?Schnorr签名可能成为比特币的下一步
January 03, 2018, 02:30:01 AM
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Schnorr签名算法承诺能够帮助解决比特币如今面临的最大问题之一:扩展性,也就是扩容问题。此外,Schnorr签名能够帮助比特币阻挡某些类型的垃圾邮件攻击。
Schnorr签名能够帮助解决比特币扩容问题
技术开发人员如今正在提出一系列新技术和新方案以帮助解决比特币的扩容问题,如隔离见证(Segwit),闪电网络和Schnorr签名。
例如,很多人认为Schnorr签名算法是一种简单的用于构建数字签名的方式,能够大幅度提升验证比特币交易的效率,并且还能提供新的多重签名模式。
在这一方面,比特币和区块链倡导者Sam Wouters写了一篇标题为《Schnorr签名将帮助解决比特币如今面临的两个最大问题》。在这篇文章中,他解释了Schnorr签名协议能够帮助解决比特币的扩展性问题以及如何能够帮助比特币阻挡某些类型的垃圾邮件攻击。
Wouters是在2017年7月份写了这篇文字。然而,现在这篇文章正在社交网络上重新获得关注。
验证比特币交易需要签名。这些签名占用了重要的区块空间。当一种交易涉及多个地址时,这种情况将会恶化,因为每一个地址都有自己的签名。因此,交易大小需求将增加,这反过来就推动交易费更高。
一种潜在的解决方案就是实施Schnorr签名算法。Wouters写道:
“最后,如果是一个人发送一笔来自多个来源的交易,那么这就应该有一种方式仅仅使用一个签名来完成这笔交易,对吧?Schnorr签名就能够实现这一点。”
Wouters估计“这一升级将减少至少25%的存储和带宽使用。更简单来讲,这是一种巨大的效率提升。
Schnorr签名将帮助比特币阻挡垃圾邮件攻击
Schnorr签名还将帮助阻挡某些类型的垃圾邮件攻击,例如攻击者发送包含多个签名的交易。这个攻击者可以通过重复发送来自多个来源的交易发起垃圾邮件攻击。对此,Wouters写道:
“幸运的是,Schnorr签名将帮助打击这种类型的垃圾邮件攻击。如果我们每笔交易仅有一个签名,那么区块就可以容纳更多交易,并且一个垃圾邮件发送者需要在与更多人竞争的情况下才能发送更多的交易,因此攻击者占据同等的交易空间则需要支付更多资金。
Schnorr签名的优势
Schnorr签名算法与多重签名(multsig)相兼容。此功能允许将几个数字签名编译为一个签名。一篇标题为《技术路线——Schnorr签名和签名聚集》指出了Schnorr签名的一些优势:
大小不变的签名,不考虑多重签名设置中参与者数量
减小的网络上需要验证和传送的数据大小,转化成容量增加。
从隐私的角度看,Schnorr可以使多重签名(multisig)的整个策略被模糊掉,并且与传统的单个公钥难以区分。
Schnorr允许在单个输入上组合多个签名的属性也适用于所有交易的多个输入的聚合。
此外,在Scaling Bitcoin 2016米兰会议上,Pieter Wuille总结了Schnorr签名的几个优点,如下面的幻灯片所示:
加密货币爱好者认为比特币必须很快解决其扩展性和高额交易费用的问题。因此,可用于解决这些问题的提案,如Schnorr签名,应获得仔细审查。然后,有希望的建议应得到所有利益相关者的支持,以向前迈进。
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比特币扩容如何解决?Schnorr签名可能成为比特币的下一步
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