Many people don't pay much attention to ban lists, but if you look at things like the US Scheduled Substances lists, or the World Anti-Doping Agency list, it can actually lead to some pretty interesting research. Everything in this post is from the World Anti-Doping Agency, with just a few things added, so if you are a professional athlete you can't take any of these things. But if you are not a professional athlete and, for example, have been trying to find a way to be more healthy, then this can help you.
First, Blood Doping. Blood Doping is where people have Blood drawn from their Bloodstream, but then later go and have the Blood put back. This causes an Abnormal amount of red blood cells to be present, which allows for more oxygen to be carried which allows for better muscle performance.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1478635/An Alternative to Blood Doping is to use Artificial Oxygen Carriers, which do the same things as red blood cells.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC137239/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15320945Something similar to Blood Doping, but also very different is Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) which is not actually banned by WADA.
Here is a Research Paper about how PRP is prepared
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338460/Here are some Research Papers about what PRP does
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211708http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23576936http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4562137/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705801/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032742/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722600Erythropoies is the production of red blood cells, and there are various Molecules that can be taken in order to promote Erythropoies. Here are some Research Papers about Erythropoies Stimulating Agents
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23211708http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19621348http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2439521/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19233071http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762512http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2363897/Beta-2 Agonists can improve Respiratory (lung/breathing system) function, here are some Research Papers about Beta-2 Agonists
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1381297/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17085791http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19281071Aromatase Inhibitors can change the level of Estrogen in your body, here are some Research Papers about Aromatase Inhibitors
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10418994http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143915/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2228389/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074486/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2682397/SARMs or Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators, effect the amount of Testosterone your body produces. Here are some research Papers about SARMs
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2907129/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602589/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189892http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955335/SERMs or Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, effect the amount of Estrogen your body produces. Here are some Research Papers about SERMs
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17117297http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10963646http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23062036http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11046073http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11815274Myostatin Inhibitors are best explained by Gorillas. You never see a Gorilla doing pushups or lifting weights, but they still develop huge muscles. This is due to their Myostatin Inhibition. Myostatin puts a natural cap on muscle growth to stop muscles from growing too large, and it could be said to be over-expressed in Humans. A Myostatin Inhibitor reduces the levels of Myostatin, allowing for much easier, faster and effective muscle growth. 2 Examples of Myostatin Inhibitors are Follistatin and YK-11. Here are some Research Papers about Myostatin Inhibitors
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206886http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23832079http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4271642/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581601/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22393251http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10468http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19208403http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23995658Metabolic Modulators can control your Muslce Metabolism. Here are some Research Papers about Metabolic Modulators.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25179079http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16382258http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393344http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25966949http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17713418http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22130396http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26002150Glucocorticoids are Steroid Hormones. Here are some Research Papers about Glucocorticoids
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK13780/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085866/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1781857/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047790/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9854452The rest of these molecules can be considered stimulants, and they may or may not be on the WADA list
Octopamine is a natural molecule in the body and closely related to Adrenaline. It can be found in weight loss supplements. Here are some Research Papers about Octopamine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11790328http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15355245Synephrine is another natural molecule in the body and closely related to Adrenaline (Epinephrine). It can be found in Bitter Orange Extract. Here are some research papers about Synephrine
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22991491http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166186/Fucoxanthin can be found in certain kinds of Seaweed and is known to burn fat. Here are some research Papers about Fucoxanthin
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461761/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475918Cordyceps Mushrooms are said to have various health benefits and improve energy. Here are some Research Papers about Cordyceps Mushrooms
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121254/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909570/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650308http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924981/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766723/