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别让房地产“绑架”地方经济
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Topic: 别让房地产“绑架”地方经济 (Read 61 times)
kingdeone
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别让房地产“绑架”地方经济
January 03, 2018, 06:59:52 AM
#1
2018年1月1日,《海南省实施新一轮分税制财政体制的方案》出台,把与房地产关联度最大的两个税种收入大部分集中于省级,旨在倒逼市县发展转型,促进产业转型升级,加大对生态文明建设的支持力度,引导市县摆脱对房地产的发展路径依赖。
早些年,类似海南省这样被“房地产所绑架”的省市并不在少数。当然,这主要还是因为唯GDP这一陈旧考核机制的导向问题。“唯GDP论”是当时的一种主流论调。应该说,在经济发展初期,追求“量”的扩大,是适应当时需要的。
但当各个领域都被“做大”所裹挟,已经无视本身发展的质量,经济脱实向虚就在所难免,房地产的畸形便是其中较为突出的例证。近年来,在很多地方政府土地财政的思维下,房价飞速上涨。房地产在大力拉动经济之后,也开始对经济产生一定的破坏性。
房价暴涨,资产泡沫高企,一方面带动租金、人工等成本的上升,挤压了实体经济利润空间,使得企业不得不迁移到别处;另一方面,房价的畸形挤占了个人生活消费支出,使整体需求变得更疲弱,加深了市场萎缩。而且,从示范效应看,买卖房子比管理企业活儿轻、利多、风险小,谁还愿意干实业?
况且,由于房子价格上涨过高过快,房子已经沦为“投资品”,甚至被不少人用于“投机”,导致财富分配不均问题加重。在这种现实状况下,房地产的趋势影响着社会稳定和经济发展,因此,习总书记提出“房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的”。
而房子被大量用来“炒”的原因不外有三。一是地方政府与中央的财权事权存在一定扭曲,地方政府对房地产经营全环节中所能获取的种种利益非常依恋,本心希望房价大涨;二是前些年货币金融政策的刺激,金融衍生链条越来越长,金融空转现象变得严重,房子成为居民极少数能保证手中财富不缩水的标的之一;三是区域发展不平衡现象仍然严重,且随着经济发展和城市化进程的推进,一些大城市的“虹吸效应”愈加明显,人口大量流入,也对房价产生挤入效应。
因此,对症下药很重要。当前,不再把GDP增速当做衡量地方政府成绩的唯一标准,不再鼓励激进盲目的“扩张型”发展;金融市场的持续加强监管使金融空转现象逐渐好转,价值投资将更趋于理性;城镇化也在不断反思和纠偏,要实施乡村振兴战略,实现基本公共服务均等化。这些举措更注重对经济的长期调控,从而对房地产产生更深远的影响。
海南的新一轮分税制财政体制方案则开始了财税政策变革对地方政府的激励与反激励,不啻为一种新的尝试,对改变海南房地产依赖、乃至推动海南发展模式转变都将产生积极的作用。也试图从根本上弥补房价虚高背后的机制短板。
当然,整体财税政策同样面临这个问题。此次海南省的分税制财政体制方案,也将为全国带来一个示范样板。
中央经济工作会议提出,我们的经济要向“高质量”发展转变。相信目前的转变,还只是开始,更多的长效机制建设,都在路上。
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