I installed bitcoin core and replaced the wallet but I could not see my BTCs. So I became nervous again. I read several forums and they said it was normal to have a 0 BTC if the wallet replaced was old (from 0.3.23 client)
If Bitcoin Core is not fully synced, you will not see any Bitcoin.
First of all a doubt. I received all my BTCs mining. This means that all my reception addresses should not contain balance?
No, they should have a balance.
I checked each one of my 30 addresses BitcoinCore found in my wallet in BlockChainInfo, and none of them has balance. This means I lost my BTCs?
If you do not see a transaction history for those addresses, then that means that those addresses never had any Bitcoin, be that through normal transactions or from mining. If you do see a transaction history and there are transactions that send money from those addresses, then the Bitcoin has been sent elsewhere.
Do you think there is a solution? I read about extracting the private key using pywallet. Is this trustful? Which is the best way?
There is no need to do that if the wallet is not corrupted.
If Bitcoin Core is not fully synced, then let it fully sync. Once it is synced, you will know if you have any Bitcoin or not. If not, then there is no way to recover any of those Bitcoin because the private keys are probably gone and are not part of the wallet that you have.