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人民日报谈支付宝年度账单事件:用户知情与否,有着霄壤之别
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Topic: 人民日报谈支付宝年度账单事件:用户知情与否,有着霄壤之别 (Read 14 times)
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人民日报谈支付宝年度账单事件:用户知情与否,有着霄壤之别
January 05, 2018, 02:41:29 AM
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这两天,支付宝用户个性化年度账单引发舆论热议。在生成这个账单之前,支付宝在不显眼处默认勾选“我同意《芝麻服务协议》”选项,既可以“直接向第三方提供相关信息”,也有权“不支持撤销对第三方的信息查询授权”。你公开分享截图,它默默分享数据。事发后,支付宝反思称自己“肯定是错了”,这一不尊重用户知情权的行为“愚蠢至极”。
信息时代,个人生活史正被大数据这位“史官”精准编纂。然而,精准编纂,也就可以精准掌握。网购的痕迹,总会在第一时间以“同类商品推荐”的镜像方式出现在各种网页,当数据如水银泻地般在平台间共享,营销无比精准,却也让生活透明得让人“细思恐极”。正是在这个意义上,《芝麻服务协议》并不是芝麻绿豆大的小事。
客观地说,面向万物互联的未来,数据的广泛共享是无法扭转的历史趋势。平台间互相授权分享消费者信息,实现广告精准推送,既能“互通有无”降低交易成本,也能“投其所好”提升用户体验。然而,便捷不能替代安全。从互联网电信诈骗,到数据库被攻击造成账号密码被盗,因信息泄露酿成的危害早已不是“想象的风险”。潘多拉的魔盒打开容易,合上却太难。退一步说,即使数据分享不可避免,如何分享就成了关键。用户知情与否,有选择权还是没选择权,有着霄壤之别。
这就涉及一个如何保护个人数据权利的问题。尽管事实上,99%的人可能都不会读完一份用户协议,但将选择权交给用户,应是互联网行业的黄金法则。从国际通行的互联网规则看,有“Opt—in”(选择进入机制)与“Opt—out”(选择退出机制)两种机制。对于地理位置、敏感信息的共享,必须经个人点头同意,运营商方能开启;对于精准投放的广告等,只要用户选择退出,运营商就不能再出于精准广告目的收集、使用其个人信息。换句话说,互联网的产品设计需要“以用户为中心”,互联网的安全保护同样需要“以用户为中心”,充分尊重用户的隐私权和选择权。
更深层次上说,服务协议是默认打钩还是用户打钩,关系到互联网企业能否慎用“数据权力”。10多年来,尽管网络安全风险一直存在,但是大众心理依然走出了一条从担心“电子钱包里的钱会被偷走”到无所顾忌随手扫码买买买的折线,这很大程度上源于“互联网大公司更有操守”的朴素想法。但是,当互联网公司大到成为手握10亿级用户的“数据王国”,如何保证它们节制手中的“数据权力”,如何确保企业“数据权力”不凌驾于个人“数据权利”之上,亟待网络安全法之外,有更细致的规则来立界。
互联网数据规则,必须跟得上互联网数字生活。当越来越多的中国互联网公司剑指世界级,所要仰仗的不应仅仅是世界级的用户市场,更应是世界级的互联网伦理与规则。只有当每一个参与主体能发现用户更能尊重用户,能重视网络红利更能重视网络治理,网络强国建设才有更坚实的根基。
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