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工人在玉麦乡群众家中试电(2017年12月18日摄)。西藏自治区山南市隆子县
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Topic: 工人在玉麦乡群众家中试电(2017年12月18日摄)。西藏自治区山南市隆子县 (Read 92 times)
AQicai Yonig
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工人在玉麦乡群众家中试电(2017年12月18日摄)。西藏自治区山南市隆子县
January 06, 2018, 01:38:18 AM
#1
刷中国建设银行信用卡消费18869.36元,因绑定自动还款的储蓄卡余额不足,剩69.36元没还清,10天后产生了317.43元利息。央视《今日说法》主持人李晓东认为建行信用卡“全额计息”的规定不合理,将建行告上法庭,要求法院确认银行该规定无效,退还利息。李晓东一审败诉。近日二审法院撤销一审判决,要求建行返还多扣划的253元。
这是一起事关数亿信用卡用户利益的判决。因一时疏忽少还、迟还信用卡,被银行“全额计息”,相信很多人都遇到过。
几十元未还,10天之后的利息竟然高达三百多元,这是怎么计算出来的呢?原来,根据建行信用卡《领用协议》,只要未在到期还款日之前偿还全部欠款,那么账单周期内的全部消费款项都必须支付利息。这种计息方式即为“全额计息”,是银行普遍使用的一种信用卡计息规则。
二审改判之后,很多媒体都说李晓东胜诉了。的确,从利息金额的角度看,建行向李晓东收取的大部分利息都被法院判决返还,说李胜诉并不算错。但如果从“全额计息”的规则是否合法有效的角度看,法院并未支持李晓东的主张。二审法院依然认可建行“全额计息”的规则,只不过认为银行收取的利息金额过分高于持卡人违约所造成的损失,这才酌定将利息予以适当减少。所以要说李晓东胜诉,也只是“惨胜”。
两审法院关于“全额计息”的认定,在法律上确有很大的商榷空间。信用卡的本质功能即为透支,银行的主要营利来源即为收取利息。因此,到期还款日是免息透支日期,并不意味着逾期还款必然构成违约。从许多银行主动邀请持卡人分期付款来看,逾期还款很多时候恰恰是银行所希望和追求的。银行只担心不还款,并不担心逾期还款。
对于持卡人而言,逾期就相当于有息贷款,纯属一种经济选择,谈不上违约问题。因此,“全额计息”在性质上更接近利息计算规则,而非违约金计算规则。
此外,我国《消费者权益保护法》明文规定,经营者不得以格式条款加重消费者责任。经营者使用格式条款的,应当以显著方式提请消费者注意,否则相关的格式条款无效。建行信用卡《领用协议》是否属于这样的格式条款,值得探讨。李晓东以银行方面未尽到提醒义务为由主张该条款无效,在法律上并非毫无依据。
为了几百元的利益打官司,并不符合多数人的成本理性,很显然,李晓东打这场官司也并不是为了利息本身,而在于挑战建行的“全额计息”规则。在这场消费者与银行的纠葛中,双方天然是不平等的。银行起草好了所有的条款,消费者只能被动地选择同意或者不同意,根本没有讨价还价、协商修改的机会。即便消费者感到银行的做法不合理,但碍于巨大的维权成本,很少有人会拿起法律武器维权。在这个意义上看,李晓东的诉讼是一场真正的普法课。
当然,法院生效的判决都必须被尊重和履行。对于建行而言,比及时返还李晓东多扣的利息更重要的是,尽快修改《领用协议》条款,主动将过高的透支利率标准降下来。其他银行也应以此判决为契机,全面检省、修改各自的信用卡计息规则,避免消费者继续遭遇不公平对待。银监、工商部门同样应当关心这份判决,积极督促银行进行整改。
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