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重建学术评判体系是当务之急
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重建学术评判体系是当务之急
January 16, 2018, 03:41:38 AM
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近期,关于取消博士生毕业必须发表两篇C刊论文规定的讨论十分热烈。起因是2017年12月8日,华中师大教授范军在首届华中学术传播论坛上表示:博士生必须有两篇C刊(核心期刊)文章才能毕业,几乎是所有大学的通行规则。他说,他遇到的推荐稿相当大一部分是博士生的,编辑也为此苦恼。现在不仅是拼爹拼妈,还要拼导师、拼学校。现在两篇C刊都快把博士生和导师逼疯了。
此言一出,各大高校论坛纷纷开始介入讨论,甚至在《中国青年报》和《光明日报》上也刊登了支持范军教授的相关评论文章。至于各类时评文章更是层出不穷,可见关于博士生这一最高学历的取得规定,足以引起公共舆论的特别关切。
博士生毕业必须发表几篇核心期刊的论文,此规定最早在浙江大学、南京大学开始实施,其初衷看似是为了确保博士的质量,实际上与校方对论文发表数量的重视和刺激息息相关。南京大学是教育部委托的核心期刊目录项目执行方,推出该规定有利于推广该校发布的学术评价标准。而浙江大学受到工科办学思维的影响极深,对于数量的追求一直有目共睹。
当然,对于每一所高校来说,无论是评比“211”、“985”或是“双一流”,还是进入世界一流大学行列,论文发表的数量和质量都非常关键。能否发表尽可能多的论文,关乎的就是学术资源的占有和社会评价的高低。但即便如此,也有一些大学或学院对博士生毕业没有硬性的论文刊发需求,例如武汉大学的一些学院只要求C刊扩展目录即可,这类学校或学院被博士生们戏称为“良心学校(院)”。值得一提的是,武汉大学学报(人文社科版)在去年年初被踢出C刊目录。原因也很简单,武大学报人文社科版刊发的文史哲类文章较多,这类文章不像经管法类文章那样,会援引很多其他论文。如此一来,期刊在扩大论文的影响因子方面,就没办法跟上C刊的要求了。
正如许多评论文章指出的,博士生在读期间最大的任务应该是做好博士论文,而不是忙着发表C刊论文。一方面是时间不足,要求多而细,这一规定会占据博士生大量的科研、写作时间。另一方面,目前C刊一年的发文量在12万篇,3万文科博士生每人两篇就意味着6万篇,占去了总发文规模的一半,这几乎宣告了许多博士生不可能满足规定。
中国医生为了评职称,由中介代投论文到被中国公司承包的巴西三流医学期刊上,该丑闻曾引发巨大恶评。中国的博士生们为了发C刊论文,也存在请人代写、买版面的现象,C刊编辑的权力也在无形中变得巨大。某种程度上,他们对博士生的影响力甚至超过了博导本人。当然,对于博导来说,博士生毕业的压力落在了自己肩上,为了让学生顺利毕业,不得不与C刊编辑搞好关系,以便帮助学生发文。
所以,取消博士生必须发表C刊论文的规定,是对目前学术评价机制非正常化的一次扭转。当然,很多人可能会发出疑问,博士生毕业难道就没有发文要求吗?显然不是,只不过对发文的期刊不应该做硬性规定。事实上很多C刊也存在文章质量低下的问题,C刊目录本身并没有能够确保所有期刊的优质。一本期刊的优劣与否,应该由多元的评价体系来决定,而不是仅仅由C刊目录一锤定音。否则,学术评价的机制就会僵化,学术权力就会被滥用,学术评价的流动性就丧失了。
目前,高校学术评价体系就是一场“刷数据”的竞争。在这场竞争中,博士生和青年教师就是刷数据的前线人员,学校要求他们刷更多数据,而对于他们真正的学术水平则不太关心。因此,取消博士生毕业发C刊论文的规定肯定会影响学校原先的考评体系。不过,在中科院、社科院、清华、北大纷纷取消该规定的背景下,应该会有越来越多的学校加入其中。毕竟,对论文的评判需要更大的耐心,尤其是人文社科类的论文,仅仅要求数量会扼杀学者的研究热情,打断博士生的研究进程。只有重建一套学术评价体系,让时间,让学术界,让思想市场来评判学术成果,才能确保更多的精品论文出现,才能呼唤大师的归来。
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