If you use the standard OS (Raspbian, which is a derivative of Debian), you can use cgminer (and I think bfgminer). I use this setup with cgminer 3.1.1 because it seems to be the version that works best with my Erupters.
Go here, download NOOBS to your SD card, and once NOOBS is running, it will prompt you for the rest (including installing Raspbian)
http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads Then, to install cgminer, you can follow this:
http://learn.adafruit.com/piminer-raspberry-pi-bitcoin-miner/install-cgminer If you're not familiar with Linux, you may want to stick with MinePeon (also Linux, but already set up and configured). I haven't used it but a lot of people love it.