People in Silicon Valley like to say it's not about the money; it's about changing the world. But with Bitcoin, it's about changing the money to change the world.
Dot-com pioneers and fresh-faced 20-somethings alike are founding companies to help transact the virtual currency. A nationwide network has formed for angel investors keen to back such startups. And the Winklevoss twins - made famous by The Social Network film - plan a Bitcoin investment fund.
But what is "virtual currency," anyway? And are those chasing Bitcoin headed for a gold rush, or fool's gold?
Nick Holland, a Javelin Strategy analyst in Boston, is among those who believe math-based currencies like Bitcoin, which enable transactions from one user to another without official oversight or high fees, could upset the centuries-old tradition of paper money - much as user-generated Wikipedia all but replaced the venerable Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Bitcoin was created in 2008 by a programmer (or group) using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Nakamoto envisioned a peer-to-peer computing network of interconnected users that could oversee the creation of a digital currency independent of any central authority, then regulate its trade.
Nakamoto capped the number of bitcoins that could exist at 21 million. And to keep the market from being flooded, Nakamoto set up a system in which new bitcoins can only be minted, or "mined," by solving complex mathematical puzzles.
Once a miner believes he or she has solved one of those puzzles, a message goes out to the entire network. If other users agree with the solution, new bitcoins are added to a public ledger that keeps track of the amount in existence; that number currently stands at just over 11.4 million.
The Nakamoto system varies the difficulty of each puzzle so that, on average, a new block gets mined every 10 minutes, keeping the supply predictable. The successful miner then pockets a bit of the new Bitcoin for his trouble, which he can sell or trade with other users.
The phenomenon was largely restricted to hard-core geeks until the recent financial crisis in Cyprus. With the Mediterranean nation's government unable to guarantee bank deposits, some investors liquidated their savings into Bitcoin by linking their bank accounts to Bitcoin transfer services.
"That was kind of the catalytic event that pushed Bitcoin into the forefront," Holland said. It also helped create a frenzied run-up in the price, from around $US14 per coin to more than $US230.
Bitcoin sceptics, to be sure, abound.
California finance officials in June sent the Washington, DC-based Bitcoin Foundation a cease-and-desist letter asking if the group was conducting money transfers without a licence. Officials with the foundation, say they're simply in the business of developing certification guidelines for Bitcoin companies.
That such guidelines have yet to be formed reflects one of the chief concerns regarding the technology: Its Wild West atmosphere.
During Bitcoin 2013 - held in San Jose in May and billed as the currency's first major US summit - an organisation called Bitcoin Not Bombs urged nonprofit organisations to adopt the virtual payment system, trumpeting that it "cannot be manipulated by any government, bank, organisation or individual".
The libertarian aspect meshes with Silicon Valley's hacker ethos. But it also led Homeland Security officials in May to briefly seize some assets of Tokyo-based Mt Gox, the largest Bitcoin exchange, for not complying with money-laundering laws.
Critics note that transactions in the currency are anonymous, which has enabled the sale of illicit weapons and drugs. And because the coins are stored in online "wallets," there have been reported instances of hackers wiping out a user's holdings.
Many Bitcoin backers concede that adult supervision may be required if it is to gain broader use and trust.
"All these exchanges have realised: 'I have something really valuable here. I'd better follow the regulations'," said Alex Ferrara, a tech investor with Bessemer Venture Partners in New York.
Though he's waiting to bet on any startups in the space, he said: "For Bitcoin, going legit will be a good thing".
Another sign of that mainstreaming effort came in April, when the Winklevoss brothers - who once famously claimed in court that Mark Zuckerberg stole their idea for Facebook - announced they'd amassed about one per cent of all bitcoins in circulation. They're now seeking federal approval to let investors buy into that hoard via shares in a public investment fund.
While it's unclear whether regulators will sign off on the untested concept, Bitcoin is increasingly finding favour with merchants that range from blogging site Reddit to watch manufacturer Raketa. Earlier this year, two hackers in Los Angeles unveiled PizzaForCoins.com, which lets people use bitcoins to buy pies from nearby Pizza Hut and Domino's locations.
"Bitcoin will make a dent in society when more normal transactions occur that would have occurred with dollars or credit cards," said Garry Tan, a partner at Mountain View, California, startup foundry Y Combinator. He's an adviser to Coinbase, a San Francisco startup that holds the record for the most venture capital pumped into a Bitcoin company (more than $US6 million at last count).
http://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/bitcoin-gets-big-bets-tech-050108455.html
