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印媒艳羡中国科技巨大进步:印度须看到自身差距
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Topic: 印媒艳羡中国科技巨大进步:印度须看到自身差距 (Read 114 times)
hanley88
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印媒艳羡中国科技巨大进步:印度须看到自身差距
March 06, 2018, 12:02:55 PM
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印媒称,上世纪八十年代开始并得到持续执行的系统性发展项目和坚持不懈的实施已经让中国的7亿人摆脱贫困,为数以百万计的家庭带来繁荣,而且毫无疑问让中国走上向超级大国发展的道路。
印度《明特报》网站3月5日刊登题为《中国在科学和工程学方面取得巨大进步》的文章称,中国如今把注意力转向多个领域的科学、工程学和创新发展,如电信、生物科技、太空、量子计算机、人工智能和纳米技术等领域。
今年1月,美国国家科学基金会发表报告称,2016年来自中国的科学论文数量为42.6万份,来自美国的数量为40.9万份,这是中国首次在这方面超过美国。文章称,中国的科研机构在大量资金的支持下,正在以不可动摇的决心努力寻求在科技方面占据统治地位。中国每年在科研方面的支出已增至2790亿美元(1美元约合6.34元人民币),仅次于美国,而且预计将在几年后超越美国。
文章称,中国如今的科研支出占到全世界科研总支出的21%。2010年至2015年,中国的科研支出每年以18%的速度增长,这是美国增长速度的4倍。中国的科学和工程学大学毕业生人数每年近40万名,是美国的两倍。
大约从十年前开始,中国大学颁发的科学和工程学博士学位数量超过美国。即使是在美国,近三分之一的博士学位也颁发给了在外国获得本科学历的学生,尤其是来自中国的学生。以“千人计划”形式呈现的协同努力已经吸引了大批中国学者从西方返回中国,中国承诺给他们现代化的实验室,让他们自主进行科研。
文章认为,中国在科学和工程学方面的教育快速发展,已经转变为多个可见的应用科学项目。如今世界最大的基因研究中心是深圳一家名为华大基因的公司,华大基因的目标是制造世界最快速的下一代基因测序仪,以满足中国到2030年为数以百万计的居民进行基因测序的目标。另一方面,中国已经开始了发射卫星到月球背面的任务,这是美国和俄罗斯都没能做到的。分为两部分的嫦娥四号计划将首先在地球和月球背面之间建立起通信联系,然后再发送嫦娥四号月球探测器,该任务的科学回报非常重大。
文章称,中国的发展给印度的信息非常明确,印度必须开始系统性地持续几十年以专注于科研发展。
现实是,根据美国国家科学基金会的报告,印度在科研方面的支出仅为360亿美元。2017年至2018年的《印度经济概览》的结论是,根据印度发展阶段调整后,印度在科研方面的支出不足。当然,资金仅仅是问题的一个方面,另一个方面是促成基础科学学术研究的生态系统和环境以及如何把基础科学转变为应用科学,为这种转化服务的印度政府体系是分裂的。
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