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共识算法的交量
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Topic: 共识算法的交量 (Read 123 times)
pown0751
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共识算法的交量
April 02, 2018, 03:54:10 PM
Merited
by
beijihu
(5)
#1
权益证明的漫漫长路
1982年,拜占庭将军问题首次被Lamport,Shostak和Pease提出。从1982年到1999年,都没有人能够创造一个可以解决拜占庭将军问题系统。长久以来,拜占庭将军问题与计算都是无关的,因为在那个时候,互联网演进出基于云的中央中心化计算模式,所需要解决的只是容错问题。
所以,故障容错算法得到普及,2008年,中本聪将网络规模级别的分布式拜占庭容错(BFT)算法设计到区块链方案中,才使拜占庭容错得到推广。当这种原型出现之后,系统研究界的人都开始围绕将学术界“ 拜占庭容错 ”应用到真实世界而去构思各种想法。
在2011年,BitcoinTalk论坛对一个叫做权益证明(PoS)的概念组织了一场讨论。最初的PoS协议例如点点币,实现结果的并不理想。第一个真正提出将BFT研究应用到PoS公有区块链环境中是Jae Kwon,他在2014年创造了Tendermint。
Tendermint的设计决策确实是把安全性和不可改变性地位放在了灵活性之上。在现实世界上有相当高的可能性是,系统真的会停止运行,参与者将会需要在协议外组织在某种软件上更新后重启系统。
Tendermint的明确属性
n 可证明的活跃性
n 安全阈值:1/3的验证者
n 公有/私有链相容
n 即时的最终确定性:1-3秒,取决于验证者数量
n 一致性优先
n 在弱同步性网络的共识安全
Casper的PoS提议机制与Tendermint提议机制最大的区别是相比较伪随机选择领导者,前者的验证者可以基于自己见到的块提出块。
Casper提供的一个独特功能是参数化安全阈值。Casper的设计目标是在网络维持PoS低开销的时候能够允许验证者选择自己的容错阈值。
Casper对Tendermint的核心优势在于网络随时可以容纳一定数量的验证者。因为Tendermint中的区块在创建的时候需要最终化,所以区块的确认时间应该短一点。为了达到短区块时间,Tendermint PoS能够容纳的验证者数量就需要有个限制。
Casper的明确属性
n 可用性。Casper的节点在它们达成共识之前可以块分杈
n 异步安全性
n 生存。Casper的决策可以在部分同步中存活,但是不能在异步中存活
n 卡特尔阻力。Casper的整个前提是建立在抵制寡头垄断攻击者基础之上,因此不会有任何勾结的验证者可以超越协议
n 安全性。取决于每个验证者的评估安全阈值
说明:这篇文章苦涩难懂,大家大概知道有这两个算法,以及他们各自的特性就行了。V神以及他周围的团队,为了以太坊的发展在共识算法的世界里面不断的进行优化,这篇文章仅仅作为大家的一次科普,谢谢阅读
pown0751
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Activity: 62
Merit: 10
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 02, 2018, 03:57:20 PM
#2
如果有写得不好的地方 欢迎大佬们的指正
thanks
qmadridh
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Activity: 203
Merit: 10
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 02, 2018, 04:12:01 PM
#3
学习了,共识算法还有这么一层故事,谢谢分享
faguoip
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Activity: 154
Merit: 10
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 02, 2018, 04:36:48 PM
#4
看了一下,确实看不太懂,算了,我也就最多只能这样了。
360llqzc
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Activity: 207
Merit: 10
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 02, 2018, 04:51:13 PM
#5
Quote from: pown0751 on April 02, 2018, 03:57:20 PM
如果有写得不好的地方 欢迎大佬们的指正
thanks
写的挺好的,最起码比我强多了,我是写不出这么有条理的贴的
xiaoyu2013
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Activity: 176
Merit: 10
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 21, 2018, 05:47:37 PM
#6
谢谢楼主分享好贴啊,原来共识算法是这么来的啊
Billone
Full Member
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Activity: 280
Merit: 100
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 22, 2018, 04:06:32 AM
#7
解决了拜占庭将军问题的算法还真是厉害啊,V神真的可以说是神童了
lhfly5201314
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Activity: 252
Merit: 12
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 22, 2018, 02:22:32 PM
#8
楼主,把标题改一改吧,有错别字
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xuehlai
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Activity: 100
Merit: 10
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 29, 2018, 04:33:42 PM
#9
Quote from: pown0751 on April 02, 2018, 03:57:20 PM
如果有写得不好的地方 欢迎大佬们的指正
thanks
感觉写的不错,没错,只是感觉,因为我压根就看不懂
makel0ve
Member
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Activity: 97
Merit: 10
⇾
Re: 共识算法的交量
April 29, 2018, 04:43:19 PM
#10
写的很好啊,谢谢大兄弟你的科普了
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