I'm assuming bitcoin price jumps are driven by large orders from big hege funds or people with large amounts of money/crypto.
sometimes yes but not always. price jumps can have many different reasons for instance some good news that people were waiting for can lead to a FOMO buy that makes the price jump like that. or for instance breaking an important resistance can lead to a FOMO buy because people see the direction in which bitcoin is headed and start buying with confidence and make the price jump.
Which exchanges would these people/companies use?
the same exchange as everyone else.
I'm interested to explore if these big orders could be detected on the order books on some of the popular exchanges.
yes, you can see then on order books are walls and when they are filled you can see them in the history. you won't learn much from seeing these orders though.
I'm assuming that if a whale places sell order with exchange X the price will be driven down and all other exchanges will follow.
Any ideas which main exchanges are driving the price changes most of the time?
it doesn't work like that because of two things: these exchanges have nearly similar volume (~10% of total) and also arbitrage trading is a thing.
so for example if a whale sells a large amount on exchange_1 and drops the price down people who are seeing price is up on exchange_2, 3,4,5,... are going to buy bitcoin on exchange_1 and transfer it to other places to sell and make profit. since it is many exchanges versus 1 it makes that 1 exchange price to come up.
P.S. I know usually large orders are split into lots of small orders to prevent detection, but still... I feel like some exchanges must play the role of the master while others are slaves.
no detection means also no effect on the price.