Let's say they've successfully made it and became reliable, so in next few years we could expect that Intel can do whatever it likes to Bitcoin
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A 51% or higher computational power would be too easy for them to conduct an attack on the network.
Well, I'm not a technical guy and I really have no clue how the core developers can adjust on this threat. Quantum computer poses a threat only on the encryption. I misread the article below..
For some references since the OP didn't include any:
Quantum Computing Becoming RealQuantum Computers Pose Imminent Threat to Bitcoin SecurityOn a side note, so it would be possible also to generate a complete character case sensitive bitcoin address using a quantum computer.