Now everyone knows the big names - Peercoin and Novacoin. However, there is a big world of PoS coins out there, and I simply can't find a GOOD list of PoS coins and information on them. So, I decided that since I'm doing the work anyway, I'd provide my work to the community. Hopefully it will help someone else.
 
Now most people understand Proof of Work - getting paid for mining. But I'd wager a few to many understand how Proof of Stake works. PoS is a method to try to prevent the 51% attack by encouraging people to hold coins in their wallet. And for this "service" coin holders are paid a Stake (dividend) every so many days. Now the stake varies, as does the period, and that's where the magic is.
 
You see, this post will not only just list the PoS coins, but it will also detail percentages, periods, and give a little analysis of the coins themselves.
However, let's start with the coin list. And If  I miss any - which is highly probable - please feel free to chime in.

Full disclosure - I possess the following coins: BCX, PPC, TEK, BTG, CAP, CGB, CASH, DMD, GLX, HBN, MINT, NVC, PHS, TES

Coins in bold are the first Stake coins in their category, but the dev tree for the categories flows as follows:
Peercoin > Novacoin > YACoin

Coins in green have had their Stake confirmed by me personally.

I need to define something, since many coins are descended from Novacoin, many will have a Stake percentage that mirrors it. However, Novacoins percentage is variable depending upon the Stake ready coins on the network. It starts out at 100% yearly and decreases based on the stake difficulty.
100% NVCS = 100% / (StakeDiff ^ 1/4)
Many coins will be listed as X% NVCS, which means that they would yield X% yearly, but difficulty decreases this percentage.

All percentages will have a second % in parentheses: X% NVCS (Y%) OR X% yearly (Y%)
Y% reflects what you can expect every stake period at the minimum age.    

Next, the coins take time to find stake, there is a minimum age and a maximum age. So, if you transfer coins into a wallet, it will take at least the minimum age for them to produce stake, but it may take up to the maximum age. In the list below that will be represented by:
Stake Age (SA) = min days / max days

Exchanges - If it is listed on an exchange, I am not going to list all of them, but I will try to list the largest

Coinmarketcap - If the coin is listed on coinmarketcap.com, I will note it as CMC in the list below

Max Coins - The max # of coins that can be produced factors into how valuable the coin will be - but it is not the only factor. We will peg the number of coins against the max # of BTC which is 21 million.
So for example, HBN which has a max number of coins of 120 million, would be denoted Coins 5.7 - there will be 5.7 HBN for every 1 BTC.

False claims - Coins with a strike through are broken and do not have stake.  
 
SHA256
Battlecoin (BCX) – 50% NVCS (1%), SA 10/20, Coins 4.76, Cryptsy, CMC
Butterflycoin (BFC)
Deutsche eMark (DEM) – 3.8% yearly, SA 1yr/2yr, Coins 952, Cryptsy, CMC
Emercoin (EMC)
Inkacoin (NKA) - 1% yearly, SA 30/90, Coinedup
Peercoin (PPC) - 1% yearly, SA 30/90, Coins 95, Cryptsy, CMC
Reikicoin
Snowcoin (SNC)
Tekcoin (TEK) – 500% NVCS (40%), SA 30/90, Coins 4.76, Cryptsy
 
Scrypt
AndroidTokens (ADT) - 1.2% yearly, SA 15/30
BlackCoin (BC) - 1% yearly - SA 8hrs/no max - will take longer
Bottlecaps (CAP) – 1% NVCS, SA 30/90, Coins 2.26, Cryptsy
Bitbar (BTB) – SA 30/90, Cryptsy, CMC
Bitgem (BTG) – 3% NVCS (0.2%), SA 30/90, Coins 0.023, Cryptsy, CMC
Cinnamoncoin (CIN) - 1% yearly, SA 30/90
Colossuscoin (COL) - 0.5%, SA 15/30, Cryptsy
Cosmoscoin (CMC) – 1% NVCS, SA 30/90, Coins 47.6, Cryptsy
CryptoBuck (BUK) - 3% NVCS, SA 30/90, Coins 0.5, Cryptsy
CryptogenicBullion (CGB) - 1.5% NVCS, SA 30/90, Coins 0.095, Cryptsy, CMC
CryptogenicCash (CASH) - 10% yearly (0.6%), SA 30/90, Coins 2.26, Cryptsy
Diamond (DMD) - NVCS, SA 7/30, Coins 0.21, Cryptsy, CMC
Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) -
Galaxycoin (GLX) – 5% yearly (0.1%), SA 5/15, Coins 25.6, Cryptsy
Grain (GRA) - 5% yearly, Coinedup, CMC
Growthcoin (GRW) - 100% NVCS (1.9%), SA 5/15
HoboNickels (HBN) – 100% NVCS (1.9%), SA 10/30, Coins 5.71, Cryptsy, CMC
Lebowskis (LBW)
Mintcoin (MINT) – 20% yearly – decreasing every year (1.1%), SA 20/40, Coins 3333, Ploniex
Novacoin (NVC) - 100% NVCS (1.3%), SA 30/90, Coins 95, Cryptsy, CMC
Neocoin (NEC) – 1% NVCS, SA 30/90, Coins 3.8, Cryptsy
Philosopherstone (PHS) – 50% yearly (0.7%), SA 5/10, Coins 95, Cryptsy, CMC
Starcoin (STR) – 1% NVCS, SA 7/30, Coins 10.8, Cryptsy
Tagcoin (TAG) – 1.5% NVCS, SA 30/90, Cryptsy, CMC
Teslacoin (TES) -1% NVCS, SA 30/90, Coins 14.3, CoinedUp

Scrypt-Jane
CACHeCoin (CACH) - 5% yearly (0.1%), SA 7/30, Coins 95, Poloniex, CMC
Gold Pressed Latinum (GPL) - 5% yearly, SA 1yr/2yr, SciFiEx
Microcoin (MRC)
Yacoin (YAC), 5% yearly (0.4%), SA 30/90, Cryptsy, CMC
YbCoin (YBC), 5% yearly (0.4%), SA 30/90, Cryptsy, CMC

Shares/Pure Stake
Next (NXT), CMC
NewEconomyMovement   NEM
NoirShares

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eMark is 3.8% annually I believe. Also isn't NVC 5%?

PoS makes sense if these were investments. How does it help these become currencies? If it simply benefits those who hold coins, it would create artificially scarce environments where the price would go up.

YACoin is (I believe) the third proof of stake coin to be released (Peercoin->Novacoin->YACoin) and also the originator and first to implement the N parameter of Scrypt(N, 1, 1).

Please add EBT:

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=437660.0

How could you miss the most unique one?... Nxt

replied in the other thread. happy to take pull requests for any missing information. I'll add some features which make it more dynamic. thanks for the input.

TES is 1% every 30 days

That's part of what I'd like to discuss with this thread. While ROI is one thing, you also have to look at the dev team, community, and long term plans. If the foundation of the coin is strong, I'd start to think about it as an investment. Because if I put money into something, I don't want it to disappear or shrink to nothing because the coin dies. I would say HBN is strongest of the 3, followed by PHS. I am not impressed by TEK...someone please prove me wrong. 

Updated the listing.
Added info on CAP, BTG, TES, BCX, NVC...
Please help if you know any more coins or can help clarify the coins already there.