[Anti-plagiarism] The full list of homographs

[Coin-1]

Usually bounty hunters of BitcoinTalk signature campaigns are required to write a certain number of posts within a week, participants are credited with the stakes for this activity. Sometimes unscrupulous users copy a messages of other members or a paragraphs from the external articles in the Internet and post them here on the forum. Such posts can easily be compared and tracked by SEO services, therefore these bounty hunters began using homographs to complicate detection.

Simplistically saying, homographs are symbols in the international Unicode table which look the same visually. The english alphabet uses only ASCII characters.

If homographs from different languages are mixed in some text, the human reading it will not distinguish any difference, however the analyzing systems will not be able to detect plagiarism by simply comparing texts encoded in UTF-8.

For example:

• "SEO". Here are the ASCII characters only, homographs are not used. The word length in UTF-8 is 3 bytes.
• "SEO". The first symbol "S" is taken from the macedonian alphabet, the second symbols "E" is taken from the greek alphabet, the third symbols "O" is taken from the russian alphabet here. These non-english letters look the same as an ASCII characters, but they are encoded by two bytes, so the word length in UTF-8 is 6 bytes.

Such a way some members who use homographs write posts on the forum, simply copying and modifying the texts of other people. Therefore I decided to create the full list of homographs that can be used in the texts in English.


According to the HTML code, the forum uses the following CSS style:

Code:

style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"

Thus, the messages uses three fonts: "Verdana", "Arial" and "Sans Serif". Also, the "Courier New" is used for mono-space texts.

The table shows the ASCII characters and their homographs near by them that are written in all four of these fonts. Look at my next post below.

[Coin-1]

The list of homographs for ASCII:

	ASCII char	Unicode number	Comment	Verdana	Arial	Sans Serif	Courier New
1)	A (65)	0x0391 (913)	Greek	A  A	A  A	A  A	A  A
2)	B (66)	0x0392 (914)	Greek	B  B	B  B	B  B	B  B
3)	E (69)	0x0395 (917)	Greek	E  E	E  E	E  E	E  E
4)	Z (90)	0x0396 (918)	Greek	Z  Z	Z  Z	Z  Z	Z  Z
5)	H (72)	0x0397 (919)	Greek	H  H	H  H	H  H	H  H
6)	I (73)	0x0399 (921)	Greek	I  I	I  I	I  I	I  I
7)	K (75)	0x039A (922)	Greek	K  K	K  K	K  K	K  K
8)	M (77)	0x039C (924)	Greek	M  M	M  M	M  M	M  M
9)	N (78)	0x039D (925)	Greek	N  N	N  N	N  N	N  N
10)	O (79)	0x039F (927)	Greek	O  O	O  O	O  O	O  O
11)	P (80)	0x03A1 (929)	Greek	P  P	P  P	P  P	P  P
12)	T (84)	0x03A4 (932)	Greek	T  T	T  T	T  T	T  T
13)	Y (89)	0x03A5 (933)	Greek	Y  Y	Y  Y	Y  Y	Y  Y
14)	X (88)	0x03A7 (935)	Greek	X  X	X  X	X  X	X  X
15)	o (111)	0x03BF (959)	Greek	o  o	o  o	o  o	o  o
16)	c (99) [4]	0x03E2 (994)	Greek	c  ϲ	c  ϲ	c  ϲ	c  ϲ
17)	j (106) [2]	0x03E3 (995)	Macedonian	j  ϳ	j  ϳ	j  ϳ	j  ϳ
18)	C (67) [4]	0x03E9 (1001)		C  Ϲ	C  Ϲ	C  Ϲ	C  Ϲ
19)	S (83)	0x0405 (1029)	Macedonian	S  S	S  S	S  S	S  S
20)	I (73)	0x0406 (1030)		I  I	I  I	I  I	I  I
21)	J (74)	0x0408 (1032)	Macedonian	J  J	J  J	J  J	J  J
22)	A (65)	0x0410 (1040)	Russian	A  A	A  A	A  A	A  A
23)	B (66)	0x0412 (1042)	Russian	B  B	B  B	B  B	B  B
24)	E (69)	0x0415 (1045)	Russian	E  E	E  E	E  E	E  E
25)	K (75) [1]	0x041A (1050)	Russian	K  К	K  К	K  К	K  К
26)	M (77)	0x041C (1052)	Russian	M  M	M  M	M  M	M  M
27)	H (72)	0x041D (1053)	Russian	H  H	H  H	H  H	H  H
28)	O (79)	0x041E (1054)	Russian	O  O	O  O	O  O	O  O
29)	P (80)	0x0420 (1056)	Russian	P  P	P  P	P  P	P  P
30)	C (67)	0x0421 (1057)	Russian	C  C	C  C	C  C	C  C
31)	T (84)	0x0422 (1058)	Russian	T  T	T  T	T  T	T  T
32)	X (88)	0x0425 (1061)	Russian	X  X	X  X	X  X	X  X
33)	a (97)	0x0430 (1072)	Russian	a  a	a  a	a  a	a  a
34)	e (101)	0x0435 (1077)	Russian	e  e	e  e	e  e	e  e
35)	o (111)	0x043E (1086)	Russian	o  o	o  o	o  o	o  o
36)	p (112)	0x0440 (1088)	Russian	p  p	p  p	p  p	p  p
37)	c (99)	0x0441 (1089)	Russian	c  c	c  c	c  c	c  c
38)	y (121) [3]	0x0443 (1091)	Russian	y  y	y  y	y  y	y  y
39)	x (120)	0x0445 (1093)	Russian	x  x	x  x	x  x	x  x
40)	s (115)	0x0455 (1109)	Macedonian	s  s	s  s	s  s	s  s
41)	i (105)	0x0456 (1110)		i  i	i  i	i  i	i  i
42)	j (106)	0x0458 (1112)	Macedonian	j  j	j  j	j  j	j  j
43)	Y (89)	0x04AE (1198)		Y  Y	Y  Y	Y  Y	Y  Y
44)	h (104)	0x04BB (1211)		h  h	h  h	h  h	h  h
45)	I (73) [2]	0x04C0 (1216)		I  Ӏ	I  Ӏ	I  Ӏ	I  Ӏ
46)	l (108) [2]	0x04CF (1231)		l  ӏ	l  ӏ	l  ӏ	l  ӏ
47)	G (71) [1]	0x050C (1292)		G  G	G  G	G  G	G  G
48)	Q (81)	0x051A (1306)		Q  Ԛ	Q  Ԛ	Q  Ԛ	Q  Ԛ
49)	q (113)	0x051B (1307)		q  q	q  q	q  q	q  q
50)	W (87)	0x051C (1308)		W  Ԝ	W  Ԝ	W  Ԝ	W  Ԝ
51)	w (119)	0x051D (1309)		w  w	w  w	w  w	w  w

^[1] almost identical in all fonts
^[2] identical in all fonts except "Verdana" (v5.02)
^[3] identical in all fonts except "Courier New" (v5.11)
^[4] identical only in the font "Arial" (v5.06)

[Coin-1]

Reserved.

[o_e_l_e_o]

This has recently been address by theymos following posts by iasenko over the last few months. See here: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4967143.0

Essentially, all homographs that look the same as Latin characters are retroactively auto-replaced with the Latin characters in the English boards.

[Coin-1]

This has recently been address by theymos following posts by iasenko over the last few months. See here: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4967143.0

Yes, the posts of iasenko encouraged me to create this table. It seems that I was late a little bit.

As I can see, the list of nkampala does not contain these homographs:
0x03E2 (994): ϲ -> c
0x03E9 (1001): C -> C
0x041A (1050): К -> K
0x04C0 (1216): Ӏ -> I
0x04CF (1231): l -> l
0x051A (1306): Q -> Q
0x051C (1308): W -> W

So I guess that my list can also be useful.

By the way, I think that the following symbols posted by nkampala are significantly different from ASCII characters:

Code:

Ғ -> F
Լ -> L
ε -> e
ι -> i
κ -> k
յ -> j
η -> n
ρ -> p
զ -> q
τ -> t
υ -> u
ν -> v
ω -> w
χ -> x
γ -> y

Essentially, all homographs that look the same as Latin characters are retroactively auto-replaced with the Latin characters in the English boards.

As I understood, the posted homographs are stored in the forum database, but they are replaced with ASCII characters at displaying on non-local sections. In my opinion, since homographs are only used in other english boards, the Meta section should allow to show homographs for reporting or some administrative reasons.

Anyways, I will look for other homographs in the Unicode table later.

[TheBeardedBaby]

It's good to have more alternatives, good work OP no matter that the problem is fixed, theymos will probably add those that are missing from the nkampala's list.