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From your explanation, bitcoin can be likened to about every mineral resource which cannot be simply generated but resource has to be used to mine them and they have finite supply.
About what would happen when all bitcoin are mined (as I doubt there's any chance the program would be adjusted).
A limited supply, means increase in demand against supply and would be good for the value.
You see how projects like BNB use reducing supply to increase the value.
Miners would be compensated with transaction fees alone as there would be no more BTC reward.
It is not going to happen in this generation, so I'd not be too bothered about it.