Thanks for confirming this. Can anyone else confirm you cannot send btc without sending a fee with electrum?
Yes, you can't.
And can someone tell me how long it takes for btc to be received sending either 20 sat/byte, 10 sat/byte, 5 sat/byte, 2 sat/byte and 1 sat/byte?
You should've see an estimation for confirmation in Electrum (High, Fast, Slow, etc). It is dynamic because it depends on the mempool.
Also if you send it at 1 sat/byte and it takes very long, it eventually will be received even if it takes very long? But how long though? Not many days though right? Like a few hours or so?
Yes, can't define exactly how long because it depends on how busy the network is. It may takes days, even months, or maybe hours. If you need it to be confirmed asap, then use recommended fees shown by Electrum.
I thought of something else. If you send with a low fee, is there a chance you could get that message where it say you cannot send with low fee and get that phishing message though?
No you won't get that message AFAIK.