1) Do transactions have a SHA256 name when they get completed? Like 9f86d081884c7d659a2feaa0c55ad015a3bf4f1b2b0b822cd15d6c15b0f00a08 ?
2) If a transaction is done then it's getting noted on the network. So each computer downloads:
BITCOIN_ADDRESS_1 sent 0.342 BTC to BITCOIN_ADDRESS_2
3) Can we see the 200GB+ Network txt file?
1. Yes, a transaction is identified by its SHA-256 hash. Not sure what you mean by "completed", but that is irrelevant.
2. Nodes receive transactions before they have been added to the block chain as well as blocks of transactions that have been added. Transactions are not "BITCOIN_ADDRESS_1 sent 0.342 BTC to BITCOIN_ADDRESS_2". That is a simplification. Here is what a transaction looks like:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transaction.
3. Anyone can download the block chain by running a node. The block chain is not a txt file.