Is it possible to get the private key from a Bitcoin raw transaction?
No.
A "raw transaction" is simply a transaction.
I guess you are referring to the
getrawtransaction CLI command from core ?
You can use the
-v (verbose) flag to get more information about that transaction.
However, a private key is never included in a transaction.
The private key is used to
sign the transaction.
Transactions are being broadcasted into the network. They simply can not contain your private key without the whole system being worthless and broken.