Thank you, I just did.
But still not sure how it happened.
I was on both ends of this transaction. I made a small 0.0002 BTC transaction from my original wallet to a test wallet (1PNXFPH6QfpW1rbgyz8k5e4Sv1Rdvrw3ah).
I did not send 1.2991 BTC. So this would mean I had an output of 1.2991 BTC in my original wallet which had to be spent as a whole?
Correct.
How did this exact number come into existence?
It was an output that was received in your wallet at address 12TWRU3NAEwsWG6jX6A5noEMwLUMA2v7ti when you sent or received transaction 84000bbc261f891de63e4ebb0f8d864971811a85f56d0fbde6e2ecf3c698deb8
Is that a random thing? I never had an input of that exact amount that would explain why I have an output of that exact amount.
No it is not random. Yes, you did receive an output of that exact amount into your wallet. Like I mentioned, it happened in transaction 84000bbc261f891de63e4ebb0f8d864971811a85f56d0fbde6e2ecf3c698deb8. With that transaction, 0.0002 BTC were received at the address of 19ERjpD9HQuTnnFwqgrBTUKj6EB8SME3rJ (which have not yet been spent since then), and exactly 1.2991 BTC were received into your wallet at address 1GrkAD9QBbbRH4aAsxefD18iqSLT6z9HKK. Address 1GrkAD9QBbbRH4aAsxefD18iqSLT6z9HKK will not show up in your "Receive" tab. The wallet keeps the "change" addresses hidden from you. The wallet creates a new change address every time you send bitcoins, and it doesn't tell you about it. It handles keeping track of all the change for you.
Can I find that sending adress of 12TWRU3NAEwsWG6jX6A5noEMwLUMA2v7ti somewhere in my original wallet?
In the Console in the Debug Window, you can enter:
dumpprivkey 12TWRU3NAEwsWG6jX6A5noEMwLUMA2v7ti
If that address is in your wallet, then your wallet will have the private key for the address and will show it to you. If the addresss is not in your wallet, then you will receive an error.