What happens to all the coins in lost wallets in the Bitcoin system? If there are only a finite number of coins, won't they become increasingly scarce as people lose them over time?
BIS-IMF created bitcoin, make no mistake they want to implement same system in crypto, all over the world, if you don't 'touch' your bank account yearly, the gov gets to steal your money, why not with bitcoin they ask?
Well today there are 10^3 coin-addresses with serious value
[ later we deal with the issue of how many satoshis could create how many unique addresses in theory ]
There are 10^77 private-keys possible, that is more than the number of electrons in the known universe, trust me its a big number.
Ergo 10^74 btc 'keys' are lost already, or maybe you can say they just haven't been found.
Then there are 300M, or 3*10^9 'used' addresses containing little value ( < 0.05 btc )
So in reality there are 10^68 lost keys; So lets say people forget their seed, or wallet-password say 1,000's a year, its still a drop in the bucket compared to the astronomic orhpan keys out there without any love
Seems to be a continuous scam that constantly comes up "Something ought to be done about 'lost coin'"; Of course the solution is have the GOV force all high-values addresses to be come public, and then black-list all addresses that don't have 100% KYC in a database on all high-value coins.
Then when somebody wants to spend their 'tainted' address they must plea to the IMF to release their address from the "no fly list"
The lost addresses the OP speaks of course, you or the GOV can't steal it, even if you declare it on your 'black-list', cuz you ain't got the private-key.
On the subject of scarcity, there is no scarcity of 'coins', each bitcoin is 100M satoshis, and there are 21M satoshis for now ( I think they'll bump the number later, why not? Its source code easy to modify all you need is +51% of the block-chain miners to run your software, China already has +67% )
So there are 100M satoshi per bitcoin, 21M bitcoin for now that be 10^8 * 21*10^6, so +2 Quadrillions satoshi
So 210*10^14 sats, now there are 300M coins ( addresses ) in use, this means you have 2.1*10^16 less 300M = 2.09999997e+16
1.4285714285714286e-08, a less than a billionth of the available 'coins' have been used so far,
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Of course in time, lots of these addresses/coins are unused and carry zero-balance.
Given that 99% of all BTC is held in 10K addresses, that's sort of where you look. From a GOV point of view, you focus on who holds +99% of the wealth, and of course we know its just a few people
IMHO the way GOV will handle this problem, is have a moratorium and force these 10k addresses to come forward and sign them with their KYC info, failure to, would then result in that address being black-listed.
For a privacy person, the only escape would be to sell that coin on the black market in China, for pennys on the dollar.
Of course some will say, then people will just 'mix', not true the exchanges have already been told to 'black-list' tainted or mixed coins.
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How will bitcoin deal with lost 'tokens'? First of all there is NO such thing as token in BTC, that's an ethereum bullshit moniker. Even 'coin' in bitcoin doesn't mean anything, there are only addresses, that are hashed public-keys. Behind every public-key there is a secret private-key. If you know the private key, then you own the public-key, and its hashed address.
Bitcoin doesn't care. Its job is add transactions to the block-chain, if the transactions is approved then its posted. If the person making the transaction has the private-key, he can sign the transaction to prove to bitcoin that he is the owner. Bitcoin is only tasked with the tasks at hand. To build block-chains every ten minutes.
Now humans, they'er quite concerned with lost and/or orphan bitcoins ( addresses with value ), but likes been said above unless you have the private-key don't lose any sleep.
Certain criminals have proposed 'marking' unused say a year addresses as abandoned, then when the owner try's to do a transaction, he would have to pay to have it released, and this is where the criminal exchange loves this concept essentially its a tax for not spending your bitcoin. This is exactly what the new CBDC in CHina does, spend it or lose it.