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[materazi]

The Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Upgrade with Chief Architect Jan Xie – Highlights

Nervos recently completed a Major Protocol Upgrade which brought about a bevvy of new improvements and features.
Known as ‘Mirana’, this upgrade to Layer 1 represents the next chapter in its history, which intends to make the base layer of the network more efficient and future-proof.

We invited Nervos’ Chief Architect Jan Xie to Twitter Spaces to discuss what this upgrade means to the Nervos community.
In this discussion, Jan shared his thoughts on the history leading up to the upgrade,
as well as the key features and improvements and what they will mean for both developers and users of Nervos.

Below we summarise the key points that Jan mentioned during the discussion on Twitter Spaces.

The History of Lina and Why the Upgrade?
In late 2019 Nervos launched ‘Lina’, the first iteration of Nervos’ Layer 1 blockchain.
This was a brand new base layer blockchain that would serve as the foundation of what would one day become a multi-layer ecosystem.

To accomplish this, Nervos blended many different aspects of Bitcoin and Ethereum together to create a platform that embraces the strong points of both.
This new approach was the first comprehensive extended UTXO blockchain in practice and it meant having to take on new challenges which no one had ever seen before.
There were many fine details that could not be anticipated.
We knew that changes would be necessary which is why we planned for upgrades to occur in the future, such as this most recent one.

In Nervos’ multi-layer approach, Layer 1 is used for the preservation of assets, and Layer 2 is used for scalability. However, this is a broad distinction.
Where exactly the line should be drawn between L1 and L2 is still an open question for the entire industry.
Through the feedback we received from dApp developers over the past two years we realized some areas where our design was too rigid.
We have redesigned and rebalanced these parts of the platform to better support the realistic needs of developers.
These improvements are included in this update.

Through this Major Protocol Upgrade, we have demonstrated with Mirana that we can improve the design of the platform continuously without breaking promises in the original positioning paper.
We will need continuous improvement going into the future.
It is only ongoing research combined with a bit of trial and error which will enable us to unlock the future potential of the platform.

How did Partners and Community Help the Major Protocol Upgrade?
Nervos is a project that is deeply committed to decentralization. Many projects claim decentralization, but there are vast differences in the approach and depth.
Nervos aims to maximize decentralization at every level, including technology, governance, and the community.

A Major Protocol Upgrade requires cooperation and coordination between all participants.
This is difficult because development teams, partners, and community members are under no obligation to comply.
We have to persuade all participants to support the upgrade, or it will not be successful.

For example, miners, mining pools, wallet providers, exchanges, and dApp developers all run full nodes.
In order for the network upgrade to succeed, they must upgrade their software in advance of the fork.
Users of the Neuron wallet are also running full nodes, meaning we needed to make all of them aware of the update and give them a reason on why they should upgrade.

Consent is an absolute requirement in a decentralised ecosystem since we cannot force participants to upgrade.
To our advantage, there was nothing contentious about this upgrade.
It was a benefit to all participants. A few teams were slow and missed some deadlines, but there was no resistance to adopting the upgrade.

We spent a lot of time making sure everyone in the community was aware of what was occurring and prepared materials to help ease the transition.
Thus, we were able to deliver as smooth of an experience as possible for everyone involved.

Features and benefits from the Major Protocol Upgrade?
RFC Process: Nervos’ RFC process is similar to an Ethereum EIP or Bitcoin BIP.
It is a way for the Nervos community to openly and transparently collaborate to improve Nervos.
Anyone is free to participate in ongoing discussions, or propose new directions.
This process is how many of the features in the Mirana upgrade were discussed and decided upon.

The New Address Format: Users will notice that some of the short addresses they were used to are now much longer,
but under the hood this new format enables additional features that are part of the Major Protocol Upgrade.
The format also consolidates all existing address formats into a single format that will need to be upgraded less frequently in the future.

Virtual Machine Versioning: One of the new key features in CKB-VM is the RISC-V B extension.
This enhancement gives CKB-VM a performance boost and makes operation more efficient.
The update also keeps CKB-VM up to date with the latest changes in the Rust ecosystem,
which allows Nervos developers to continue to take advantage of the innovation created there.

Extensible Block Header: A new extension field has been added to the block structure that can be used to store different types of data necessary for future features.
The first feature that will utilize this field is the upcoming flyclient; a super lightweight Nervos node that does not sacrifice any security,
but has much lower system requirements that makes it more suitable for casual users and mobile devices.

This Major Protocol Upgrade improves performance, but the primary benefits are more geared for developers building on Nervos.
Layer 1 is the foundation of the ecosystem, so these upgrades will benefit all layers and ultimately improve the user experience for all dApps in the future.

Closing
The Major Protocol Upgrade was successful and we have to give thanks to the hard work done by our development team, all our partners, and the community.
We believe these upgrades will pay many positive dividends in the coming years, and this couldn’t have been done without the full support of everyone.
These upgrades help to improve Nervos now and put us in an even better position for the future.
This enables us to continue improving our developer experience at the lowest level, which will lead to a better building environment for dApp developers,
and ultimately will yield the highest quality dApps and the best possible experience for all users in the ecosystem.

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Virtual Machine Improvements
Introduced with the Major Protocol Upgrade is the CKB-VM v1 virtual machine, which is now available on the Nervos Layer 1 Mainnet.
This new version of CKB-VM improves the performance of smart contract execution and adds several new features for developers to utilize when developing smart contracts.

These upgrades may increase the efficiency of both existing smart contracts and new smart contracts, and the new features being added widen the scope of what is possible on Nervos by improving the foundations of Layer 1.
The CKB-VM v0 virtual machine is still available for backward compatibility, and developers can now choose which version should be used for the execution of their smart contracts.

Key Features
RISC-V B Extension: An update to the RISC-V instruction set that improves the ability to do certain bit manipulations, which can result in increased performance, decreased code size, and decreased power consumption.
This will also allow for better performance of CKB-VM, particularly when running on x86_64 processors.

Macro-Op Fusion: An update to the RISC-V instruction set that allows for two or more simple instructions to be fused into a single more complex instruction that can be executed more efficiently.
Combined with the RISC-V B extension, this results in substantial improvements to the number of cycles used for certain operations. One example is dramatically improved support for BLS digital signatures, which are seeing increased adoption in the cryptocurrency industry.

Syscalls: Three new system calls have been added: VM Version, Current Cycles, and Exec. VM Version allows the smart contract to detect which VM environment it is being executed in.
Current Cycles allows the smart contract to view how many cycles have been consumed thus far during execution. Exec allows the currently executing smart contract to execute another smart contract, allowing for more modular code and the possibility of chained execution of smart contracts.

Address Format: Commonly known as “CKB2021 Addresses”, this new address format allows the VM version to be specified through the `hash type` value. Specifying the new `hash type` values for CKB-VM v1 is not possible in the previous address versions,
meaning only CKB-VM v0 can be targeted unless you are using the new address format.

Virtual Machine Version Targeting
Nervos Layer 1 provides both CKB-VM v0 and CKB-VM v1 for smart contract execution. This allows older smart contracts to remain fully backward compatible using CKB-VM v0, while new smart contracts can use CKB-VM v1.

It is recommended that all developers working with Layer 1 learn the basic concepts of how to target specific virtual machines so they can fully take advantage of the new features in CKB-VM v1, or revert to CKB-VM v0 for backward compatibility if needed.

The hash type value of a script is now used to specify matching criteria and the virtual machine which is targeted. Before the Major Protocol Upgrade, only hash type values “0” and “1” were available. Now a new value, “2”, is available.

Hash   Type   JSON Value   Match By   CKB-VM Version
  0      “data”       Data                   Hash               0
  1      “type”    Type Script             Hash               1
  2     “data1”       Data                   Hash                1

Hash Type 0: Smart contracts which rely on hash type “0” will continue to use CKB-VM v0. This is because a hash type of “0” implies that code matching is being done by the script code data hash, meaning a specific binary is being targetted for execution.
Existing smart contracts which were using hash type “0” will continue to utilize CKB-VM v0 and run exactly as they did before the Major Protocol Upgrade.

Hash Type 1: Smart contracts which rely on hash type “1” will use CKB-VM v1. This includes all smart contracts deployed before and after the Major Protocol Upgrade.
This is because a hash type of “1” implies that code matching is being done by the type script hash, which generally means the script code is upgradeable by the developer.
Because a specific binary is not being targeted and an upgrade path exists, developers are expected to update their code if needed since CKB-VM v1 is now being used for execution.

Closing
Nervos is committed to continual improvement and keeping Nervos’ smart contract platform at the leading edge of technology.
Not only do these updates improve our platform, but by keeping pace with the advances in RISC-V and Rust, our ecosystem will continue to benefit from their improvements while remaining as secure as possible.

These virtual machine changes affect the lowest levels of Nervos’ platform where they are largely invisible except to Layer 1 developers working on the foundations of the ecosystem.
Even though the average user may not perceive a difference right now, these updates will continue to give Nervos the edge in providing the best possible user experience in the future.

Hash Type 2: Smart contracts which rely on hash type “2” will use CKB-VM v1. This is because a hash type of “2” matches a specific binary similar to hash type “0”. Hash type “2” was not available before the Major Protocol Upgrade, so only new smart contracts being deployed will be able to use hash type “2” to target CKB-VM v1.

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The Nervos Network Bulletin: May 2022

What Happened this Month?
May was a special month for Nervos as we welcomed the arrival of the Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Upgrade,
launched our new Hashing it Out program, announced our upcoming BlockJam virtual global conference and much more.
Make sure to read through some of our biggest accomplishments for the month!



The Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Upgrade has Arrived
On May 10th Major Protocol Upgrade arrived for the Nervos Layer 1. This was a major achievement that couldn’t have been done without the help and support of all our partners, the foundation and the entire community. The upgrade introduced numerous benefits for both developers and end users.

Read more here: Article



Hashing it out – Episode 01: Q&A
At the end of April, we launched our new Hashing it Out program. In case you missed it, catch the first episode here!

Listen here: YouTube



Twitter Spaces Recap: Jan Xie and The Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Upgrade
After the Major Protocol Upgrade launched, Nervos’ Chief Architect Jan Xie came on to Twitter Spaces to discuss what this upgrade means to the Nervos community.
In case you’ve missed it, we have summarized the key points that Jan mentioned during the discussion.

Read more here: Article



Nervos Launches BlockJam
The Nervos Network announced an exciting new event called BlockJam:
A Virtual Conference for Game Developers Looking to Harness the Power of Blockchain which starts June 17th.

Read more here: Article



Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken
We just announced that the new and improved Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken is now live on the Aggron Testnet.
New features include 100% EVM compatibility, faster transaction speeds, and more.

Get started here: Link

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We are officially opening our Build Club Discord Server to Web3 Developers who are looking to get support with building and shipping projects! 🚀

If you are a Web3 builder, what does this mean for you?

- Marketing Campaign Support
- Priority Technical Support
- Grant Opportunities of different amounts
- Peer-to-Peer Builder Support
- VC & IDO favorable introductions
- Access to online lectures from key leaders in the Web3 space

If you are a Web3 builder and you would like to join our Discord Server to learn more, click here:

https://discord.com/invite/nyMEHBACR8

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Major Protocol Upgrade – Diving Into CKB-VM V1
A technical overview of the new CKB-VM v1 features from the CKB2021 hard fork.



Introduction
In our previous article we gave a high-level overview of the CKB-VM v1 improvements and explained the basic process to activate and take advantage of this new virtual machine environment.
Next, we will dig a little deeper into the CKB-VM v1 improvements and explain in a more technical way, how these improvements operate and enhance the developer experience.

RISC-V B Extension
The RISC-V B extension is our first update to the instruction set that powers CKB-VM.
This instruction set extension is relatively small, but it proves concretely that this update path works both in theory and in practice.

The B extension covers the four major categories of bit manipulation: counting, extracting, inserting and swapping.
A total of 43 new instructions are introduced, all of which require only 1 cycle to be consumed.

In many cryptographic algorithms, bit operations are used such as clz (count leading zeros), circular shifts, etc.
The addition of the B extended instruction set allows us to increase the speed of such calculations by a factor of at least 10.
Let’s take clz as an example.
Traditionally, we use the following algorithm:

uint64_t clz(uint64_t n)
{
    if (n == 0) return 64;
    int c = 0;
    if (n <= 0x00000000FFFFFFFF) { c += 32; n <<= 32; };
    if (n <= 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF) { c += 16; n <<= 16; };
    if (n <= 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFF) { c += 8; n <<= 8; };
    if (n <= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) { c += 4; n <<= 4; };
    if (n <= 0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) { c += 2; n <<= 2; };
    if (n <= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) { c += 1; };
    return c;
}

The above code uses about 30 instructions. But with the B extension, we only need to spend one instruction to do it!

uint64_t clz(uint64_t n) {
    uint64_t rd;
    __asm__ (“clz %0, %1” : “=r”(rd) : “r”(n));
    return rd;
}

The B extension has been integrated into the latest version of gcc. To compile code with the b extension, you need to add the parameter -march=rv64imc_zba_zbb_zbc, like this:

riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc -o /tmp/main -march=rv64imc_zba_zbb_zbc main.c

Let’s look into a real world example showing that the B extension improves the performance of the Blake2b algorithm.
It simply replaces a function with a single B extension instruction. The original version is as follows:

static BLAKE2_INLINE uint64_t rotr64(const uint64_t w, const unsigned c) {
  return (w >> c) | (w << (64 – c));
}

Update it with B extension instructions:
static BLAKE2_INLINE uint64_t rotr64(const uint64_t w, const unsigned c) {
  uint64_t rd = 0;
  __asm__ (“ror %0, %1, %2” : “=r”(rd) : “r”(w), “r”(c));
  return rd;
}

With this small change, there is a 15% performance increase. Nervos uses the Blake2b algorithm often, meaning that this is a very significant improvement to our ecosystem.

Mainstream compilers like GCC, are currently not smart enough to convert source code into RISC-V B extension instructions automatically.
That means developers still need to use assembly code manually for performance tuning, such as was done above.
In the future compilers will have better support for the B extension, which means developers can see major performance increases simply by upgrading their compiler to a newer version.

An early benchmark provided by the community showed an immediate improvement of approximately 10% on a set of computationally intensive cryptographic algorithms.

We hope that by adding more extensions in the future, crypto primitives running in CKB-VM will gain execution efficiency that is comparable to native execution.
These types of improvements will keep CKB-VM at the forefront of the industry,
and give cryptography developers and dApp developers more options and freedom in this highly specialized application where every bit of efficiency matters.

Macro-Operation Fusion (MOP)
Macro-Operation Fusion is a hardware optimization technique found in many modern computer micro architectures whereby a series of adjacent macro-operations are merged into a single macro-operation before or during decoding. Those instructions are later decoded into a single fused instruction.
If you are unfamiliar with MOP and would like to read more, you can find some helpful links here and here.

Since CKB-VM is an abstract layer of CPU/Memory hardware, MOP technology can be used just like it would in the equivalent hardware.
Here we will illustrate how CKB-VM can use MOP to fuse multiple instructions into a single instruction. Let’s first take an example of multiplication.
Assume we have to calculate the following 128-bit unsigned int value (result) in C:

uint64_t a = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
uint64_t b = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
uint128_t result = a * b;

The compiler can’t handle 128-bits integers in one single instruction. It then compiles them into several instructions which must contain the following RISC-V instructions:

mulhu
mul


The mulhu instruction can handle the higher 64-bits of result while the mul instruction handles the lower 64-bits.
The idea behind MOP is to combine the RISC-V instructions mulhu/mul into one fused instruction.
CKB-VM can implement this fused instruction in assembly. For example, on x86-64, it is implemented by following two x86-64 instructions:

movq
imulq

The main benefit of this is that cycles can be significantly reduced using MOP. Previously it consumed 10 (5 + 5) cycles for the mulhu/mul instructions.
After MOP is implemented, it only consumes 5 cycles total for the single fused instruction. This is a 100% performance gain.

Here is a list of all the MOP instructions included in CKB-VM v1. The multiplication operations noted are critical to cryptography algorithms.
MOP can provide a massive performance increase to all cryptography algorithms running on CKB-VM.
We hand-optimized bls12-381 and reduced verification from 76.6M cycles to 51.8M cycles.
Here is one implementation of the work that was done.
You will see a lot of instances of the instructions mulhu/mul appearing adjacently. This optimization allows MOP to be utilized.

Unfortunately, GCC and other compilers aren’t optimised for the RISC-V MOP instructions yet.
This means that developers still need to manually arrange assembly code to optimise for MOP today.
However, we know that this will improve in the future as compilers begin to add support.

Exec Syscall
The exec syscall is inspired by the Linux exec syscall. The exec syscall runs executable code that is contained within the data area of a specific cell. This executable is run in the same context as the currently running virtual machine, and it replaces the previously running executable that made the call.
The amount of cycles used does not change, but the code, registers, and memory of the VM are replaced by those of the new program.

The exec syscall is very helpful to reuse code in scripts. Let’s use a lock script as an example.
Almost every lock script shares a common process of validating one or more cryptographic signatures.
We can build a single common script that only does signature validation, including SECP256K1, RSA, Schnorr, etc. This script will rarely require changes.

Developers that are creating lock scripts can simplify their process by using the exec syscall to execute the aforementioned script which contains signature validation.
This allows them to remove the signature validation code from their script, removing the redundancy and allowing them to focus more exclusively on the logic specific to their dapp.

This pull request demonstrates how this can be done in practice.
We encourage developers to  continue using this pattern to make scripts more composable and shareable.

ARM64 Assembly Implementation
CKB-VM already has a highly efficient implementation of RISC-V specifications on x86-64, and with the CKB2021 hard fork, we are introducing an ARM64 assembly implementation.
This feature gives CKB-VM a huge performance boost on ARM64 platforms.
ARM64 is a CPU architecture that is used on billions of devices, such as Apple and Android smartphones and tablets,
Raspberry Pi devices, Google Chrome laptops, and Apple’s newest line of M1 and M2 desktop and laptop computers.
Microsoft is also testing a version of Windows 11 that runs on ARM64.
We believe that the ARM64 architecture will continue to be more and more popular, and we are making sure that CKB-VM will keep up with the trend.

Other Improvements on CKB-VM
Several other improvements have also been made behind the scenes to CKB-VM. The first is lazy initialization during script execution in CKB-VM. Previously, when CKB-VM executes a script the first step is to initialize all memory to zero. If some of the memory is never used during execution, the unused memory remains reserved, which is not optimal.
Now when scripts execute the initialisation of memory is deferred.
The program memory is divided into multiple frames, and only when a frame is accessed for the first time does it reserve the block of memory and initialise it to all zeros.
The result of this is that small scripts that do not need large amounts of memory will begin execution faster and will require less memory during the duration of their execution.

Another improvement is the addition of “chaos mode”. In production use, all memory is always initialized to zero when first being used.
However, during testing and debugging, we can use chaos mode to initialize memory to random values instead of zero.
This technique creates randomized synthetic scenarios which can aid in finding certain bugs in scripts, such as the accessing of uninitialized memory.
This is a serious issue that can be very difficult to find under normal circumstances, but chaos mode can help identify the problem much faster.

Closing
There are no shortcuts to success when trailblazing a path and building new technology.
It takes a lot of work and painstaking effort to ensure that our technology remains at the leading edge.
By continually investing in improvements to our ecosystem’s foundation we are positioning the platform for the best possible trajectory and ensuring our success in the future.

Some of the updates that we have described may be deeper than many developers are interested in, but all developers and users will benefit.
It doesn’t matter if you’re a low-level developer on L1 or an EVM developer on L2.
It doesn’t matter if you’re a user of a native dApp on Nervos or a user on the far edges of one of our multi-chain ecosystem partners.
Even users that don’t realize the dApp they are using is powered by Nervos will benefit from the solid foundation and meticulous optimization that makes Nervos an outlier in the industry.

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Hashing it Out: The Highlights – Episode 2

In the May episode of ”Hashing it Out” Jordan and Eric covered a broad spectrum of updates that included reflections on the launch of the Nervos Layer 1 – Mirana Major Protocol Upgrade,
a discussion about the upcoming new features for the Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken, and details on some of our biggest developer focused programs.

If you would like you can quickly read through the main highlights below or listen in to the entire discussion by clicking here.|

Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Update Reflections
- The Major Protocol Upgrade was successfully launched on May 10th
- All partners were able to make the upgrade despite a few minor challenges that were overcome after the launch
- The Extensible block header is a great new addition, which will pave the way for the flyclient and which there will potentially be an early version beta to see
- The Short address format was eliminated which is already improving consistency across the dApps
- The new OmniLock script is a feature rich script with a lot of potential for building in the future

Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken Testnet Launch
- Godwoken launched this month on Testnet and will be released on the Mainnet very soon
- This new version of the L2 is now 100% EVM compatible, which means that any tool used for developing dApps on Ethereum can also be used on Godwoken
- Previously there was a whitelisting process to launch new dApps but now that process has been eliminated in the new version of Godwoken, thereby providing a permissionless environment that enables any dApp to port/deploy
- The virtually gasless state of Godwoken will be attractive feature that will likely bring in a lot of new dApps into the ecosystem

Developer Programs – Web3champs
- This six week hackathon that just ended in May brought in around 1155 participants
- All winners of the hackathon have been paid and the Nervos branded SafePal hardware wallets are in the process of being sent to winners
- One project that stood out and that was a winner of a prize was Jio Swap which is a multi-chain stablecoin swap
- Jio Swap will now go on to join the Build Club program to continue building their dApp and eventually launching on the new Nervos Layer 2.

Developer Programs – BlockJam
- The first BlockJam virtual online conference and hackathon is going to take place on June 18
- There will be two days of speaker talks with leaders in Web3 and game dev sharing educational information on the powerful tools that blockchain provides
- For more info make sure to go to www.globalblockjam.com to sign up for this free online conference
- In addition to the conference there will also be a two week hackathon called GameJam where developers can win $50K+ in prizes

Community Questions and Answers

When will the whitelisting for projects on the Layer 2 end to make the process more decentralized?
- With the launch of the new Layer 2 – Godwoken, there will not be a whitelisting process anymore. We made the decision to do this to move towards our vision of creating a true public and permissionless blockchain.

What is Nervos doing to get more games on the platform?
- The business development department is always talking to teams in the gaming industry and the blockchain gaming world. I actually had the chance to participate in the playtest of a new Web3 game, and it went great, even though it was just an early version, new blockchain built games like this one show a lot of potential.

Is the Nervos Team going to attend any events in the near future?
- Our team will be at Consensus 2022, Austin, Texas in June. While Jordan and Eric won’t make it, we’ll have some great members of our team there including Matt,, Monica, Nathan, Terry and Jan.
The team is excited to have a booth there to meet many of you within the community. Make sure to stop by and say hi at Consensus if you’re there.
For this second episode of ”Hashing it Out” it was great to have Eric join and chat more about the latest developer relations updates in addition to hearing his viewpoints on some of the hottest Nervos community questions.
If you didn’t get a chance to hear the discussion, we encourage you to take a listen with the link here.
Make sure to be on the lookout for our next episode coming in at the end of June.

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Consensus – Recap

Consensus was one of the most highly anticipated crypto conferences in the US.
Estimated attendance was pinned at 17K+ which was more than double from the last in person Consensus conference.
So the Nervos team was excited about exhibiting and all the opportunities to meet new potential partners across the industry.



To prepare, we went through the process of getting our booth design created, giveaways produced,
T-Shirts printed and hand out cards with key information ready for our team to share.
After checking all the boxes and getting on flights to Austin, we were all set for the exhibition and non-stop conversations that we knew we had coming up.


In addition to presenting and sharing Nervos at Consensus we were glad to include the brand new established Build Club as part of our exhibition.
The Build Club program was created to provide support for developers building on the Nervos platform.
Key areas of support for this program include educational Web3 resources, marketing guidelines and technical assistance to help bring an idea to a real working reality.

With Day 1 of the exhibition set to kick off on June 10th we arrived to a massive hall filled with all the top names in the industry.
Teams were busy putting on the last touches to their booths in anticipation of the massive rush of thousands of people who registered to attend the conference.
As soon as the doors opened at 9:30AM the waves of attendees began to flow in.


Over the course of the first day our team met with many people across the industry. This included developers who were looking and evaluating platforms to build their dApp on to VCs interested in seeing if there were interesting projects being built on Nervos to students from universities with blockchain clubs.

As the day progressed so did the volume of people coming by our booth to learn more about Nervos.
While there were all levels of people, in terms of their knowledge or familiarity about Nervos,
it was a pleasant surprise to meet actual individuals who were CKB miners and active participants in the Nervos Community.
They were so happy to see our presence at Consensus and glad to know that we’re getting the Nervos name out there even more than we ever have before.


After the conclusion of Day 1 we held a team dinner at Dave & Busters to relax and recharge from an intense long day.
We were also delighted to invite some of the initial teams within the first cohort of Build Club to join us and spend time with our co-founders and key team members.
This was such a great opportunity for all of us to not only be together in person but spend time to really get to know each other.


With a bit of sleep after a long first day, we all reset and were ready for Day 2. Usually on day 2 there’s the expectation that because so many people came through on the first opening day that the next day will be a little bit more quiet. That wasn’t the case as the volume of traffic picked up even more.

Right across from our booth there was a book signing area where notable authors including Garry Kasparov, Laura Shin, Jimmy Song,
Neal Stephenson and more attracted a wrapped around line of attendees eagerly waiting to get a book signed and a picture taken.
Luckily for us, right after people got their book signed they were standing right in front of the Nervos booth where we grabbed many
of them to tell them more about the Nervos platform and our growing community.


During the day we even were able to talk to many of the UTXO alliance members who were in attendance and striked
up ideas on ways to create brand new partnerships to help support the alliance.
It’s random conversations like these that truly generate the seeds of powerful new partnerships and help solidify collaborations with 1 on 1 in person conversations.

At the end of the conference, we had exhausted all our giveaways, stickers, cards, and T-shirts.
Knowing that there are literally thousands of people proudly collecting our branded items and using them is a great feeling as we aim to get the Nervos name out there even more.


Additionally our team had numerous side meetings with brand new partners and projects who we’ll begin working with in the near future.
Between the conference, the meetings, evening events and networking opportunities,
Consensus was a great conference for us to get Nervos out there in front of thousands of people.
Just like every conference we go to we’ll continue to maximize exposure and bring in new people into the community!

[materazi]

The New and Improved Nervos Layer 2 - Godwoken has Arrived

Today Nervos launched a new and improved Nervos Layer 2 - Godwoken. Over the course of the next few weeks numerous dApps and projects will be launching on this 100% EVM-compatible Optimistic rollup. It’s an exciting time as the future of the Nervos ecosystem growth starts now!

L2 New Benefits

100% EVM-compatible Optimistic Roll-up

Now 100% EVM-compatible, the Nervos Layer 2 enables projects building across a variety of sectors, including DeFi, gaming, and NFTs, to easily create or quickly port their dApps.
Additionally, projects will benefit from instant interoperability to other chains, allowing them to organically expand their audiences—a vital part of growing a successful project.

Faster Transactions

Thanks to an improvement on the Web RPC Layer which increases the transaction capacity of the network, completing transactions on Nervos Layer 2 is faster than ever.
Interacting with dApps within the current and future ecosystem will now be a fluid, seamless experience for all users.

Open Access and Support

After a previously months-long whitelisting period, now all dApps and projects are free to build on the newly launched Layer 2 in a permissionless environment,
marking a significant development milestone as Nervos moves toward its long-term goal of true decentralization.

L2 dApps Launching

As a preview of dApps and projects that will be deploying on the new and improved Nervos Layer 2 - Godwoken, here is a short list of a FEW of them. In addition to those ones listed,
many more will be launching over the coming weeks and months so make sure to follow Nervos as we’ll be providing updates on new announcements and launches.

- Celer Network, a blockchain interoperability protocol enabling a one-click user experience for accessing tokens, DeFi, GameFi, NFTs, governance, and more across multiple chains.
- Multichain, an infrastructure developed for arbitrary cross-chain interactions in Web 3.0.
- Connext, a fully trust-minimized crosschain communication protocol to make blockchains composable.
- Band Protocol, a cross-chain data oracle platform that aggregates and connects real-world data and APIs to smart contracts.
- Poolz Finance, a decentralized cross-chain IDO platform built on top of Web 3.0 infrastructure to enable crypto projects to raise funds before listing.
- XP Network, a provider of multichain solutions for Web3, the creator economy, and the NFT industry.
- PulSarSwap, a next-gen TWAMM DEX.
- Candy Chain, a creator-first platform for smart contracts enabling users to easily deploy their NFT projects to multiple chains.
- Oblivion, a marketplace platform for finding, collecting and creating NFTs.

L2 Developer Support

To help support developers, Nervos recently funded the Build Club program which provides direct support to projects through marketing guidance,
Web3 educational resources and direct technical support to help bring new Web3 ideas to life on Nervos.
The program is for anyone who is passionate about creating Web3 projects with real-life applications and a desire to transform them into scalable businesses.
The Build Club is open to all and accepts members working on DeFi projects, Web3 tooling, ported dApps, utility projects, NFTs and more.

If you are a developer and would like to begin building on the new and improved Nervos Layer 2 - Godwoken just visit Start with Nervos to see all the key technical information you need to get started right away.
And if you require assistance and support please look into applying to join the Build Club program where you can  join one of the many teams developing on Nervos and get support on your journey to bring your idea to life!

Key Links

- Nervos Layer 2 Information: www.nervos.org/godwoken
- Developer Documentation: www.startwithnervos.com
- Godwoken Documentation: https://docs.godwoken.io
- Build Club Program: www.buildclub.xyz

The launch of the new and improved Nervos Layer 2 - Godwoken marks a major step for our current ecosystem and community.
This launch is the take-off point for the growth of our ecosystem and we look forward to seeing a wide range of dApps launching on the improved Layer 2 very soon!

Let’s Go!

[materazi]

The Nervos Network Bulletin: June 2022



What Happened this Month?

June was an exciting month for Nervos as we headed to Consensus 2022, continued diving deeper on the upgrades on the Nervos Layer 1 – Mirana upgrade,
and most importantly of all launched the Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken. Make sure to read through some of our biggest accomplishments for the month!



Nervos Layer 2 Godwoken Launch!

On 29th June, Nervos launched the new and improved Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken. Over the course of the next few weeks, numerous dApps and projects will be launching on Godwoken.
It’s an exciting time as the future of Nervos ecosystem growth starts now!
Read more here: Article



Nervos at Consensus 2022!

On June 9th, Nervos arrived in Austin, Texas for Consensus 2022! Consensus was one of the most highly anticipated crypto conferences in the US with an estimated attendance of over 17K attendees.
Find out more about what our Nervos Team was up to in Texas!
Read more here: Article



Extensible Block Header Lands in the Nervos Layer 1

On May 10th the Nervos Layer 1 – Major Protocol Upgrade arrived. One of the new improvements made is the Extensible Block Header. The main promise of this feature is to enable solutions like Flyclient in the future. Find out more about the upgrade to Mirana!
Read more here: Article



Major Protocol Upgrade – Diving into CKB-VM V1

Find out more about the different upgrades we are making to Mirana! This article dives into a technical overview of the new CKB-VM v1 features from the CKB2021 hard fork.
Read more here: Article



Twitter Spaces Recap: Matt AMA Recap

We invited Matt Quinn, our Ecosystem Development Manager, to discuss the current state of the bear market, what developers should focus on to weather the storm,
the latest Nervos updates and live questions from the community. In case you’ve missed it, we have summarized the key points mentioned during the discussion.
Read more here: Article



Hashing it Out: Episode 2

In episode 2 of “Hashing it Out”, Jordan and Eric covered a broad spectrum of updates that included reflections on the launch of Nervos Layer 1 – Mirana Major Protocol Upgrade, a discussion about the upcoming new features for the Nervos Layer 2 – Godwoken and details on one of the biggest developer focused programs Build Club.
Read more here: Article

[materazi]

Games from the #BlockJam2022 - GameJam are now live & ready to be played! 🎮

🕹️Play games here 👉 https://itch.io/jam/blockjam-2022/entries

Then make sure to create a free itch.io account to vote on your favourite games! 🗳️

Fell free to provide feedback in comments!

[materazi]

Nervos Network x Celer Network kick off a cross-chain partnership campaign

To celebrate a collaboration between Nervos Network and Celer Network, a cross-chain campaign, with a total prize pool of $1,500 in $CKB,
will take place for those that use the Celer cBridge to move funds from Ethereum to Nervos.

When will the contest be held?

The contest will run from 7/13/2022 2:00 AM UTC to 7/20/2022 2:00 AM UTC.

How to participate and what are the prizes?

All qualified addresses that use the Celer cBridge to move USDT, USDC, ETH, WBTC or DAI greater than $50 USD from Ethereum to the Nervos Layer 2 — Godwoken in the specified period of time can claim a mystery box NFT at the Project Galaxy.

For this campaign there are two different NFTs (regular ones or 1 of 30 special ones) that you can receive in your mystery box.
The 30 special ones will each receive $50 in $CKB (The prize amount will be calculated at the moment of the distribution of the prize OR another fixed date can be set for the total amount of tokens to be received by the winners).


Regular - Unlimited


Special - 30 limit

In order to claim a mystery box NFT, the $50 amount moved must be transacted on at least 1 unique address. For example,
if you have 5 addresses that share between them $50 moved from Ethereum to Nervos, you will NOT be qualified. If you transact $50 on only 1 address, you will be qualified.
Also note that if total transactions exceed $50 on 1 unique address, that will qualify you to claim a mystery box NFT.

When will the prizes be distributed?
The prize winners will be qualified by Celer and they will be notified publicly in a tweet from the Nervos Twitter account.
Winners will receive their prizes within 14 days after the event has ended.

If you have any questions please join our Official Telegram where our team would be happy to help.

About Nervos

The Nervos Network is a collection of protocols and public blockchain ecosystem aiming to solve the biggest challenges facing blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum today.

The Nervos Common Knowledge Base (CKB) is the layer 1, proof of work, public permissionless blockchain protocol of the Nervos Network.
It allows any crypto-asset to be stored with the security, immutability, and permissionless nature of Bitcoin while enabling smart contracts and layer 2 scaling.
Its unique crypto-economic model is designed to better align the interests of users, developers, and miners as compared to first-generation blockchains.

For more information on Nervos, visit www.nervos.org.

About Celer Network

Celer is a blockchain interoperability protocol enabling a one-click user experience accessing tokens, DeFi, GameFi, NFTs, governance, privacy solutions and more across multiple chains.
Developers can build inter-chain-native dApps using the Celer Inter-chain Message SDK to gain access to efficient liquidity utilization, coherent application logic, and shared states.
Users of Celer-enabled dApps will enjoy the benefits of a diverse multi-blockchain ecosystem with the simplicity of a single-transaction UX, all from a single chain.

[materazi]

Nervos Supports Apple Passkey Feature, Speeding Up the Passwordless Era

Apple announced at this year’s Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) that passwordless login will be available in September for Mac, iPhone, iPad, and Apple TV.
Users will no longer use passwords to log in to websites and apps on iOS 16 and MacOS Ventura, instead using Passkeys.

“To make a passkey, just use Touch ID or Face ID to authenticate, and you’re done,’’ and passkeys can’t be phished, said Darin Adler, VP of Internet Technologies at Apple,
who made the announcement at the keynote. When you login to this website again, the passkey allows you to authenticate your identity by using your biometrics rather than typing in a password.

This is the first major shift in the real world to eliminate passwords.

So, why is “passwordless login” so important?

The Unreliability of Passwords
Living in the era of the Internet, we are all used to the login form of “account + password”. As Internet applications and services become more and more ubiquitous, we have naturally created more and more accounts and passwords.

Although there is excellent password management software like 1Password on the market, only a small percentage of us use them, and most individuals are still used to remembering their own passwords.
Users spend 10.9 hours each year typing and/or resetting passwords, according to a Yubico survey in 2019, costing companies an average of $5.2 million per year.

Another reality is that some people are so careless that they use overly simple passwords or use the same password for many Internet services.



Top 200 most common passwords, source: https://nordpass.com/most-common-passwords-list/

Overly simple passwords allow hackers to take advantage of them, and using the same password for many Internet services makes it possible for a user to login to one hacked service and have their password compromised across a number of applications.

Furthermore, even industrial giants are vulnerable to massive data breaches. Here are a few examples:

- In 2013, Adobe said hackers had stolen nearly 3 million encrypted customer credit card records, as well as login data for an undetermined number of Adobe user accounts.
- In 2014, eBay suffered a significant data breach that exposed the personal information of around 145 million users, including usernames, email addresses, home addresses, phone numbers, and birthdays.
- In 2014, Yahoo was attacked and user information of 500 million users, including names, email addresses, telephone numbers, birth dates, encrypted passwords and in some cases, security questions, was stolen.
- In 2016, six databases that were owned by Friend Finder Networks suffered a massive data breach, which exposed more than 412 million accounts.
- In 2021, personal information, including phone numbers and full names, of more than 500 million Facebook users was leaked online by hackers.

Passkey: The More Secure Passwordless Login
Back in 2009, Validity Sensors and PayPal discussed using biometrics for identification of online users instead of passwords at a meeting. The meeting inspired the idea of an industry standard designed around public key cryptography, enabling a passwordless login backed purely by local authentication.

In July 2012, the FIDO Alliance was founded and work on a passwordless authentication protocol began.

In 2019, FIDO Alliance and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) announced the Web Authentication (WebAuthn) specification as an official web standard. WebAuthn allows servers to register and authenticate users using public key cryptography instead of a password. From the user’s perspective, with WebAuthn only the following steps are required:

1. Enter username (or email address)
2. Click “Sign in”
3. Touch ID
4. Done


Source: https://www.hanko.io/blog/on-passkeys

Going deeper, “WebAuthn allows servers to integrate with the strong authenticators now built into devices, like Apple’s Touch ID. Instead of a password, a private-public keypair (known as a credential) is created for a website.
The private key is stored securely on the user’s device; a public key and randomly generated credential ID is sent to the server for storage. The server can then use that public key to authenticate the user’s identity.

The public key is not secret, because it is effectively useless without the corresponding private key. The fact that the server receives no secret has far-reaching implications for the security of users and organizations.
Databases are no longer as attractive to hackers, because the public keys aren’t useful to them.” (Learn more at: Guide to Web Authentication)

Therefore, WebAuthn perfectly combines biometrics and cryptography.

In March 2022, the FIDO Alliance published a whitepaper detailing a new concept called “multi-device FIDO credentials, or short “passkeys”, meaning that your secure login information will be available on multiple devices.
So,the passkey could also be called “synchronized WebAuthn credentials”.

Your devices will take care of passkey synchronization. Once the technology is released later this year, you will be able to use your passkeys on all devices that use the same iCloud account.
It functions as a modern cloud-synced password manager (e.g., iCloud Keychain or 1Password), just without the passwords. If you lose your device, you just power up a new one, and you’re back in.
Your passkeys will already be there and allow you to sign in to your services with Touch ID or Face ID straight away.

In short, passkeys are a replacement for passwords. They are faster to sign in with, easier to use, and much more secure.

Nervos CKB Supports Apple Passkey Feature
One of the reasons why the Internet has rapidly grown to its current size, taking into account both security and convenience, is the widespread use of cryptographic primitives.
For example, SubtleCrypto, an algorithm that almost exists in all browsers, can even be used in mini programs; WebAuthn, which became an official web standard in 2019,
makes the browser’s encryption as powerful as a hardware wallet while still maintaining a user friendly experience (as users can unlock using Touch ID, Face ID, etc.).

The user barrier for dApps can be considerably decreased if the blockchain can directly utilize the Internet’s cryptographic infrastructure,
rather than requiring users to download wallet plug-ins or applications and then go through the process of storing mnemonic phrases.

However, the cryptographic primitives supported by the mainstream blockchains are limited:
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/u0IgZ6oI-8xSDYuQQKzyWKynyrpvKJnhJuEU7yef7uSY153jE3G2fiLNT4S5DnTx2CBqJgX0KyHwnuDQVxFSjSmCyUh4H3lKyNhs1gULzqJtu-hppaGJUvOlv_KHP7mLP7xD7xmmIMT1Eg24Dg
The signature algorithms of these blockchains are incompatible with the encryption methods used in the infrastructure powering the Internet, therefore new infrastructure is required.

What makes Nervos CKB stand out is that the CKB-VM is abstract and does not contain any pre-compiled contracts to implement low-level functionality.
Even the default cryptographic primitives like the hash function Blake2b and the signature verification algorithm Secp256k1 are just smart contracts running in the virtual machine.
In other words, developers can select the cryptographic primitives in smart contracts by themselves and even use the existing Internet infrastructure directly, including the upcoming Passkey.

Therefore, we are proud to say that Nervos CKB may be the only public blockchain at present that supports the passkey feature.

What Will Passkey Bring to Nervos?
Assume we are a few months in the future, and passkeys are fully supported by Apple’s devices. So, what will Passkey bring to Nervos Network?

The answer is probably a lower barrier to entry for new users, a more user-friendly experience, and in turn, more users. 

Passkey is a piece of infrastructure, and realizing its full potential requires the involvement of developers.
We’ll use the cryptocurrency wallet as an example to show how this infrastructure lowers the barrier to entry for users, improves the user experience, and draws more Internet users into the Nervos ecosystem.

At the moment, non-custodial cryptocurrency wallets are still inextricably linked to mnemonics, public and private keys.
So it is quite troublesome for an Internet user who is used to signing in with Touch ID or Face ID to save 12-word or 24-word mnemonics on his own,
verify that the mnemonics are in the correct sequence, and he/she cannot capture screenshots or copy the mnemonics and send online.

Furthermore, the mnemonics might be leaked due to improper storage, resulting in the theft of crypto assets. Another situation that often occurs is the loss of mnemonics,
which means the wallet cannot be restored and crypto assets in the wallet cannot be withdrawn anymore.

With the support of Passkey, the private key (and mnemonics) can be securely concealed, never being revealed to users.
Therefore, users will be able to create a Nervos CKB wallet using Touch ID or Face ID after installing the wallet app.
They simply need to authorize with Touch ID or Face ID when creating transactions or interacting with smart contracts, which is highly convenient and safe.

If the user loses his/her smartphone or replaces it with a new one, they can log in to the same iCloud account on the new device, download the wallet app, and then restore the wallet using the Touch ID or Face ID.
The lost device cannot be cracked and the private key can never be exported, even if it is owned by a hacker.

Such cryptocurrency wallets have lower thresholds and a better user experience, and all operations are familiar to Internet users.

Wallets are the gateway for users to enter the blockchain world. With such a convenient and secure wallet, new things such as cryptocurrencies, DeFi, GameFi, and NFTs are much easier for billions of Internet users to access.

Of course, the possibilities of what Passkey will bring to Nervos Network and blockchains isn’t limited to this.
If you’re a developer who’s passionate about bringing blockchain to every Internet user, we welcome you to join the Build Club program and create more possibilities!

[materazi]

Encentive a Web3 OS Receives a Nervos Infrastructure Grant
New York, July 27, 2022– — Encentive has received a grant from the Nervos foundation to integrate Encentive’s turn-key, multi-chain dApp building platform with the Nervos Layer 2 “Godwoken”.

The Encentive Web3 OS deployment on the Ethereum-equivalent Godwoken mainnet will extend capabilities to community leaders, influencers, and enterprises who use Encentive to instantly create and customize modules for their own DeFi apps.
Encentive’s Web3 OS capabilities include farming, staking, NFT market places, GameFi, OTC, and more. With these tools community leaders can dramatically increase the empowerment and growth potential of the communities they serve.

Encentive enables anyone with a community following to create a DEX overnight on many chains at once and customize the DEX’s properties to best serve and incentivize their community.
Now that this capability has been extended to the Nervos Layer 2, it opens a wide range of brand new DeFi opportunities for the larger Nervos community and beyond.

The infrastructure initiative with Nervos is a critical extension of Encentive’s Web3 OS, adding momentum to Encentive’s core mission to help users and organizations to incentivise their communities with powerful Web3 applications,
including sophisticated DeFi marketplace tools such as staked and farmed trading pairs, customized liquidity provider fees, native tokens & NFTs, airdrop functions, and user referral rewards.
Encentive’s robust cross-chain capability includes pioneering work with Alchemy Pay to offer fiat-to-crypto on/off ramps, allowing users to seamlessly employ DeFi functions that require crypto transactions from their wallet addresses as well as credit card payment options.

Godwoken is the first Layer 2 network built on the Nervos Common Knowledge Base (CKB). The Ethereum-equivalent optimistic rollup solution enables projects building across a variety of sectors,
including DeFi, gaming, and NFTs, to easily create or quickly port their dApps while using familiar Ethereum development tools.

As the Encentive and Nervos ecosystems deepen their integration, a leading model for application deployment and access will emerge, lowering barriers and accelerating the inevitable migration of Web2’s billions of users to Web3.

About Encentive
The Encentive Web3 OS enables code-free overnight deployment of peer-to-peer DeFi apps and marketplaces starting from a community of one, plus fiat/crypto on/off ramps.
Any individual or organization can establish the next great DeFi app or marketplace almost instantly, complete with farming and staking, fine-tuned to benefit and serve the governance needs and trading preferences of their own unique communities and missions.
The Encentive Web3 OS DeFi dApp Builder gives users the power to build their own core teams and communities around their own style of incentives, setting and adjusting transaction fees, stake-pool interest, referral rewards, governance protocols, and more.

Website: https://encentive.io

Dapp: https://app.encentive.io/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Encentive_io

Medium: https://medium.com/@encentive

About Nervos
The Nervos Common Knowledge Base (CKB) is the layer 1, proof of work, public permissionless blockchain protocol of the Nervos Network.
It allows any crypto-asset to be stored with the security, immutability, and permissionless nature of Bitcoin while enabling smart contracts and layer 2 scaling.
Its unique crypto-economic model is designed to better align the interests of users, developers, and miners as compared to first-generation blockchains.

Website: https://www.nervos.org/

Discord: https://discord.com/invite/nervos

Twitter: https://twitter.com/NervosNetwork

Medium: https://medium.com/nervosnetwork/

[materazi]

Introducing Jioswap.Finance — A new multi-chain AMM & cross-chain bridge for stablecoins and pegged crypto assets on Nervos Network.

Jioswap a hybrid function market-making protocol (HFMM), specifically designed to save users money by enabling low-slippage trading of stable coins & pegged crypto assets,
while allowing liquidity providers to earn passively via trading fees, yield farming and staking.

With Nervos Network built as a multi layer system, this was the obvious starting point in establishing interoperability while,
Leveraging its Layer 2 chain; GodWoken to solve some of the issues and pain points, users currently face in the Web3 & Defi ecosystem.
With the launch of GodWoken’s Mainnet around the corner, Jioswap has positioned itself as an anchor in providing a suite of cross-chain tools for the Nervos ecosystem.

Building for the future
Jioswap aims to create a suite of cross-chain tools starting with the jio-bridge and the jio cross-chain swap, which will enable transactions between Nervos GodWoken and numerous supported L1 & L2 chains such as Etheruem,
BSC, Arbitrum , Aurora, Meter, Oasis, Fantom and other chains always in the works. Cross-chain bridges enable users to send, swap and receive assets across numerous networks, seamlessly.

How’s jioswap different from other AMMs?
If a DeFi user is looking to swap $100,000 USDC to USDT , considering there’s sufficient amount of liquidity to do so. Using the traditional AMM such as Sushiswap, PancakeSwap, yokai swap etc.
The minimum you’d receive would be roughly $98165.8 USDT and maximum would be around $98656.6 losing $1343.40 to $1834.2 in value. If you were to use Jioswap instead, you’d receive $99,849.8269 — almost zero slippage.
Jio’s protocol is specifically designed for pegged assets, and as a result, it is much more efficient than an AMM such as Sushiswap that is not optimized to do so.



The big question : When $JIO Token? Soon token!

Find out more by Joining the community and getting involved:

Discord: https://discord.gg/cXgH4BW7EB

Twitter: https://twitter.com/jioswap

Website: https://jioswap.finance

Telegram: https://t.me/jio_ann

Github: https://github.com/jioswap

[materazi]

Dot.Bit Project

Why assets on CKB can be managed by BTC address
First, this is not "cross-chain"
Cross-chain usually means assets are locked on chain A and corresponding assets are created on chain B. In fact, assets on Nervos CKB will not appear on BTC, nor assets on BTC will appear on Nervos CKB.
Nervos CKB is simply compatible with any public chain's account (address) system.

Understanding from a non-technical perspective
Let's make some analogies by comparing a public chain to a country, and the address of the chain to the resident ID of the country.

1. ETH public chain --> United States
2. ETH address --> U.S. ID card
3. BTC public chain --> United Kingdom
4. BTC Address --> UK ID
5. Nervos CKB Public Chain --> Country C
6. Nervos CKB Address --> Country C ID

Currently, a resident must have a U.S. ID to hold and manage assets in the U.S., which is the same in the UK. The two countries do not recognize each other's national IDs.

However, for Nervos CKB, a new C country, not only residents with C country IDs but residents from other countries can hold assets here as long as they provide valid IDs elsewhere.

To further explain, a BTC user sending assets issued on the Nervos CKB in a BTC wallet can be regarded as a U.S. resident selling his or her home in Country C with a valid U.S. ID. And this process is officially recognized by country C (verified by the Nervos CKB node).

Technical Understanding
Nervos CKB is compatible with BTC's account system, which means that Nervos CKB is a chain that verifies the signature of a BTC private key on a Nervos CKB transaction.

Normally speaking:

1. The BTC chain can only verify the signature of a BTC private key to a BTC transaction, so does ETH. When the signature is verified and the transaction is on chain, users can control their BTC assets with their own BTC private keys.
2. At the same time, the signature algorithm of the BTC/ETH chain is fixed, and the program logic of the signature verification process is also predetermined. Adding a new signature algorithm will cause the hard fork of the entire chain.

However, Nervos CKB has some new features:

1. Adding a new signature algorithm to a Nervos CKB chain will not cause CKB to hard fork. The new signature algorithm will be installed on the Nervos CKB like a plug-in.
2. Anyone can deploy any signature algorithm on a Nervos CKB at anytime(it's just a binary program).
3. Users can specify which signature algorithm needed to be invoked to verify the transaction on the Nervos CKB.
4. When Nervos CKB nodes package the transaction, it then runs the particular signature algorithm to verify the transaction. When the checksum is passed, the transaction will be uploaded on chain.

That's why users can install the BTC signature algorithm on Nervos CKB and make sure that the node must invoke the BTC signature algorithm to perform the checksum when packaging the transaction(which is generally a transfer of fungible or non-fungible tokens).
After the verification is passed, the transaction is uploaded on chain and the assets transfer is completed, which means users control their Nervos CKB assets with their BTC private keys.

For the same reason we can install any public chain's signature algorithms on Nervos CKB and any public chain address is able to hold assets issued on Nervos CKB.

Such an elegant "cross-chain" approach was inspired by the Lay2 team. The PW-SDK they built is the infrastructure of the Nervos ecosystem and is the core of how .bit accounts can be held by any public chain address. ❤

Get your dot.bit address on did.id

[materazi]

Covalent Integrates with Nervos Network to Increase Transparency of On-Chain Data

Covalent, a Web3 data provider and Unified API Key creator is integrating with the Nervos Network. The new partnership between Covalent and Nervos is essential in transforming the Web3 data experience,
making the information needed to power decentralized applications more accessible to projects and developers. Currently,
 Covalent sources data from 35+ blockchains to provide its industry-leading Unified API Key, which can access balances, positions, historical granular transaction data, and more.

“Covalent came to life amid a bear market with the mission of building the most comprehensive blockchain data ecosystem via our Unified API,” said Ganesh Swami, CEO and co-founder at Covalent.
“Since then, over 3,000 projects have been able to use and build with our API. The Covalent API makes indexing and organizing blockchain data a process that can take enormous amounts of time, simpler and less time-consuming.
As we continue to innovate and expand the Web3 space, projects that allow developers and creators accessible solutions are more critical now than ever.”

“We recognize that the Web3 space is not always the simplest or the most user friendly,” said Terry Tai, CEO of the Nervos Foundation.
“For Web3 to become mainstream, and for mass adoption to occur, users have to be able to understand and engage with various platforms and applications.
As part of our vision, we are thrilled to partner with Covalent to make the mission of simplifying Web3 possible.
Nervos Network’s integration with Covalent’s Unified API provides a time efficient solution and reduces workflow complexity,
which will help developers shift their focus towards building innovative technologies that will truly expand the Web3 space.”

Querying on-chain information from the Nervos Layer 2 solution, Godwoken, will follow an intuitive, user-friendly process:
users will only need to specify the relevant chain ID when calling the APIs that Covalent users are already familiar with.

The Covalent Unified API grants access to popular data points for the Godwoken Chain including:

- Token balances for an address
- Historical portfolio value of an address over time
- ERC20 token transfers of an address
- All NFT token IDs of a collection
- Decentralized exchange liquidity pools of an address
- Decentralized exchange transactions of an address
- To learn more about Covalent visit covalenthq.com or follow =https://twitter.com/covalent_hq@Covalent_HQ on Twitter.
To learn more about Nervos, visit https://www.nervos.org/ or follow @NervosNetwork on Twitter.

About Covalent
Covalent provides the industry-leading Unified API bringing visibility to billions of Web3 data points.
Developers use Covalent to build exciting multi-chain applications like crypto wallets, NFT galleries, and investor dashboard tools utilizing data from 35+ blockchains.
Covalent is trusted by a community of 32,000+ developers and powers data for 3000+ applications including 0x, Zerion, Rainbow Wallet, Rotki, Bitski and many others.

[materazi]

.bit Raises $13M Series A Funding to Build Cross-chain Decentralized Identity Protocol

On the first anniversary of launching .bit, we are excited to announce that .bit has closed $13 million in a Series A funding round from CMB International, HashKey Capital, QingSong Fund, GSR Ventures, GGV Capital, and SNZ.

.bit, an open-sourced decentralized identity protocol built on the blockchain, is committed to providing permissionless and irrevocable decentralized identity for individual users and DAOs,
establishing the awareness of identity sovereignty around the world. With the joint effort from the development team and the community during the past year, .bit has achieved a breakthrough from 0 to 1 and reached rapid growth for both user and active developer communities. So far, more than 38k independent addresses have registered for more than 110k .bit accounts, and nearly 100 mainstream wallets and Dapps have integrated with .bit (please check here).

Users have never really controlled or even owned our identity online or offline. In Web2 world, social accounts used to present who we are or how we relate with others are stored on centralized tech giants,
who can easily revoke or tamper with the data. Platforms can block our accounts at any time, refuse to provide services, and thus remove users from their own social graphs.

According to World Bank, nearly one billion people in the world have no form of legal identity, meaning they cannot prove who they are,
not able to obtain basic national healthcare or benefits, not able to accept fair education, and not able to own suffrage rights. The exclusion of these people from access to legal identification is one of the most crucial global human rights challenges.

The emergence of blockchain technology, with the permissionless and irrevocable features, makes it possible for us to truly own and control our data and identities.
Permissionless means that we can own an identity on the blockchain at any time, and no one can stop us; Irrevocability means that no one can erase the identity we already have. We will thus realize identity sovereignty, both as individuals and as organizations.

We are excited and confident to be a part of the challenging work of building the infrastructure for Web3 identity protocol.

To construct the leading decentralized identity system and expand the adoption of the decentralized identity, .bit team will apply the funds and resources to the following areas:

Cross-chain
We believe that Web3 is not only about blockchain, and blockchain is not only about one specific public chain. As Web3 citizens, we need a cross-chain unified decentralized identity solution.
What makes .bit stand out from its competitors is a combination of cross-chain feature and cryptographic level security.
It means any public chain or even non-blockchain users can adopt .bit as their decentralized identities and switch their accounts among chains.

.bit has supported Ethereum, Tron, Binance Smart Chain, Nervos CKB, and Polygon. In the future, .bit will cover all mainstream public chains such as Bitcoin, Dogecoin, Polkadot, Solana, etc., as well as software and hardware devices that support asymmetric encryption algorithms.

Cross-culture
The world is culturally diverse with multiple languages and writing systems. People should be able to register their decentralized identities with the languages they prefer for daily use.
However, similar characters shared among different writing systems provide possibilities for fraud.

.bit Team is committed to the challenging task of supporting all the writing systems in the world while preventing scams and frauds as much as possible,
so that users from different cultures in the world can own reliable decentralized identities and get equal chance to enter Web3 ecosystem safely.

Cross-verse
Cryptocurrency transfer, decentralized domain resolution, personal profile display, etc. are only parts of the usage scenarios of .bit.
As an identity protocol, .bit could be widely used as membership and credential management for DAOs, brands and IPs, celebrities and fans, clubs and communities, etc.

.bit is a unified identity for users to take into different spaces including centralized and decentralized applications.
The team will build a series of robust tools to help all types of application developers to integrate with .bit easily, which ultimately provides users with an exceptional experience.

Upcoming Features
NameDAO
To encourage people with different cultural backgrounds to use decentralized identity and improve cultural diversity in Web3, we initiate the concept of NameDAO.
By handing over a portion of the .bit protocol revenue to the DAOs, the team aims to motivate more people around the world to spread their culture and better access Web3 through NameDAO.

Visit https://namedao.xyz for more information.

Sub-account
We encourage you to issue sub-accounts to DAO members, brand adopters, fans, etc., to strengthen the bonding within communities in a Web3 style.

Visit https://www.did.id/sub-account for more information.

4-9 digits account available to 100%; open up 3 digits account
We always insist on gradually increasing the availability of .bit accounts as the global influence of the project expands.
Such a strategy brought an unsatisfactory registration experience to users to some extent, but it also reflects our determination to launch .bit in a fair way.

Now, .bit has integrated with the leading wallets and Dapps, and the community is growing strong and active. We think it is time to further lower the threshold for registering accounts.

We will announce the specific rules on the official Twitter @dotbitHQ very soon.

[materazi]

Xdaoapp deployed to Godwoken on Nervos



What is XDAO?
Taking a look at their mission statement it says;

“XDAO is a smart DAOtooling for crypto entrepreneurs. Its currently supported by 25 blockchains”

“Build your DAO by contributing only time to your consultations”

XDAO Pro is a consulting service for creating unique DAOs exclusively to the client's desires. We help to work out all the specifics of the organisation, tokenomics, and the development of additional one-of-a-kind modules.

Want to create a DAO and don't know how to start? Its probable that you have a specific request for your DAO, but building it on your own can take a long time to research and develop, even with existing DAO builders.
With XDAO Pro, you will get the product by contributing your time only to consultation. We provide legal and technical support throughout the creating process and after the launch.

With XDAO, you can count upon experts to guide you.

- We will do all the work after the consultation, and consider all your requests.

- XDAO provides technical support for your DAO after the launch.

- Dependent on your economic model, we provide legal support to your project.

- We can arrange training for your employees on how to manage your DAO.

- Setting up one-of-a-kind modules and connect them to your existing DAO is possible.

- Aid in the creation of a DAO workflow with the connection to different managing tools.

- Developing a personal UI for your DAO.

- Altering your project governance to be decentralised.

What can it be used for? Well XDAO says this:

- Trust Management

-Venture investments

- Hedgefunds

- Gaming guild and NFT funds

- Project money management

- Charity funds

How do I get started?

You can head to this page below where you fill out our form before booking an advisory, or let our manager help you fill it on consultation.

Get ready to answer our questions about your DAO. We may need more than one consultation to provide you with the best result.

We will provide legal and technical support for your DAO, and consider the economic model of your project.

https://www.xdao.app/pro

Check out the site for more information fellow Nervos fans.

[materazi]

XP Network Finishes Integrating its NFT Bridge on Nervos to Initiate the First Interoperable Creator Economy

XP Network integrates its powerful cross-chain NFT bridge to further Nervos' goal of becoming a platform for universal and interoperable applications.
The NFT bridge connects together a wide range of EVM and non-EVM chains. XP has now added support for Godwoken, a L2 network built on Nervos.

Nervos Network offers a robust platform for universal applications. More recently, the Nervos Network has been developing a rich NFT ecosystem consisting of several marketplaces and products driven by content creators and providers.
Thanks to the latest integration with the powerful XP Network NFT bridge, the NFT ecosystem on Nervos can now go cross-chain.
Using XP Network's JavaScript API library, users can connect any dApp, chain, or NFT collection to not only tap into the multi-chain NFT ecosystem but start creating the first interoperable NFT ecosystem, connecting major chains like Ethereum, Polygon, Solana, and more.
The bridge enables cross-chain marketplaces, NFT-based games, and cross-chain DeFi.
It offers a range of possibilities, such as controlling an NFT on Nervos that lives on another chain, transferring NFTs with their original smart contract logic, and allowing users to select the token they'd like to use to transact on the network.
This is incredibly convenient for NFT users in EVM-based environments who can control their NFT natively, directly from Nervos.

The bridge has been built to satisfy the needs of different users on the Nervos Network and offers a compact solution for NFT transactions, the first of its kind.
Now, NFT users on Nervos can use the bridge's user interface to transact and trade.
All users, such as NFT owners, traders, investors, collectors, and artistic content creators, can seamlessly control NFTs from the user interface.

Nervos developers can utilise the JavaScript library to create the first real cross-chain games.
Players spread across blockchains can use Godwoken's design to seamlessly play games with users on other networks through the XP Network bridge.
Those creating and maintaining cross-chain marketplaces can save a ton on expenditures and developer hours by using the ever-growing JS library which allows users to purchase NFTs from any chain while paying for the assets and the transaction fees with the token of their choice.
In addition, NFT projects which prefer global over local presence can expose freshly minted collections to hundreds of communities at once as the bridge widens the reach of their NFTs.

For wrapped NFTs to be considered "native" on foreign chains, they must be minted according to the standard of the target chains. The XP Network NFT Bridge is the sole NFT gateway for several chains (Elrond, Algorand, Tezos, Velas, Fuse to name a few).
The bridge converts native NFTs of the departure chain to the corresponding standards on the destination chain (for example: the ERC-721 standard for EVM-based blockchains). XP Network aims to become the one-stop solution for the global NFT ecosystem.

[materazi]

Introducing NevDEX, DeFi exchange platform built on Nervos

Today we are introducing NevDEX, NevDEX is a DeFi exchange platform built on Godwoken, an optimistic rollup solution on Nervos Network.
NevDEX has the ecosystem on Godwoken with its Exchange, Yield Farming, NFT,etc.

NevDEX is one of the projects that received Grant from Nervos Network.The name of the NevDEX is coming from the two words Nervos and DEX (Decentralized Exchange).
We aims at providing the Nervos Network users with a comprehensive infrastructure for trading and ensuring a CEX-competitive user experience.
Thus, NevDex’s vision is the extension of DeFi services offered on Nervos Network and other blockchains as well as the attraction and onboarding of the CeFi audience to on-chain trading and investments.

Discover NevDEX’s DEX

NevDEX is an order book based DEX. Trading through an order book is traditionally cheaper than AMM swapping because AMMs have to pay liquidity providers the fees paid by users to incentivize them to keep sufficient liquidity.
Order book DEXes don’t have traditional liquidity pools, thus their fees are lower.

Furthermore, the order book prices are more accurate compared to AMMs: market makers constantly rebalance the liquidity according to the index price sourced from several centralized and decentralized exchanges.
If the liquidity is deep, the execution of a large order will not result in the price fluctuation as it happens on AMM DEXes that calculate the price depending on the amount of paired tokens in the liquidity pool.

Built on Nervos Godwoken

Nervos Godwoken was the obvious choice, the EVM compatible layer 2 built on Nervos Layer 1. Godwoken provides instant transaction finality with low fees and a completely Ethereum compatible environment
on Nervos that’s being built will allow us to be a leading exchange platform with low transaction costs and fast transaction speed.

NevDEX is a community lead project.Through open-sourcing the project, we are making NevDEX accessible to all interested developers, security auditors and the whole community.

We plan to launch the DEX on Godwoken Testnet in Aug 2022. This early testnet release includes the basic features essential for order book trading:

- Order book
- Matching engine
- Market and limit orders

While more information regarding our tokenomics and token distribution will be released soon. Stay tuned for the next updates.

Join NevDEX’s community:

Twitter — https://twitter.com/NevDEX_

Discord — https://discord.gg/wBAHdkQUj7