Just like how the narration of this thread goes, I found myself—in a discussion with some friends few days ago—reflexively debating on this topic. My argument was that trading in itself is a form of investment; checking the meaning of investment from the dictionary made my point more stronger and it seem to me like I was absolutely correct. Only for me to later find out that my Ideas were layman's. I realised that there are two ways to see investment and trading, Layman perspectives and Professional's (Economic).
English Dictionary says: Investment is the action or process of investing money for profit.
Wikipedia reiterate: Investment is the dedication of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present asset, such as time, money, or effort.
Thinking from the 2 definitions provided above, I feel it's correct to say that investment and trading are the same since they both involve Inputing a capital in expectations to make profit, this perspective I will call a superficial one. In Economic perspective, not everything that is been invested(whether time, money or/and energy) in, is regarded as an Invesment, for example, investopedia says
here that Education can not be classify as an investment (in the Economic perspective), even though education is a form of investment, it is regarded as goods that offer benefit.
Now, it has been clear that trading and Investment might be synonymous, but the financial world draw obvious lines between the two; the basic differences are:
(1) Time: Investment is long-termed, it spans several years (few years to even decades) while trading happens in a short period of time compared to investment, even though trading is also classified base on its time of occurrence (Position trading, Swing trading, Day trading and Scalp trading).
(2) Risk: it is studied that the level of risk in investment is low compare to that of trading possibly owing to the fact that investment takes a long time compared to trading.
(3) Profit: one other thing that seem to differentiate this two is the overall profit, investment attract greater income (profit) while in trading, it is the opposite. Traders mostly seek to make profit within a short period of time so the profit is small compared to that of investment.
You can read more on investment and trading
here,
this also highlights forms of investment.