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Author Topic: America's biggest vegetable growers fought for water, then the water ran out  (Read 98 times)
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December 19, 2022, 11:27:36 PM
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Late in the afternoon on November 14, a historic email landed in the inboxes of hundreds of California farmers whose land lies within the Westlands Water District, the largest agricultural irrigation agency in the country – and one of the most controversial.

For decades, Westlands has led the fight against environmental rules that restrict the flow of water from California's rivers to its farmers. It sued the government, lobbied friendly politicians, and took on critics wherever it found them, even in Congress. "Where's the outrage, that government decisions have created zero water supplies for communities in the San Joaquin Valley?" Westlands General Manager Tom Birmingham admonished a congressional committee in 2016.

Tim Quinn, former executive director of the Association of California Water Agencies, says Birmingham and members of the Westlands governing board "were pretty entrenched in adversarial decision making. It was us versus them, and we were going to win and they were going to lose."

That November email, however, revealed an unprecedented power shift at Westlands. In an election for the organization's nine-member board, candidates from a self-described Change Coalition had won all four open seats. The winning candidates are calling on the district to spend less time fighting legal and political battles and more time figuring out ways to live with less water. It amounted to a repudiation of Birmingham, an imperious figure who has run Westlands for more than 20 years. Birmingham later announced he'll retire at the end of the year.

The vote is a sign that even in the most conservative parts of California's Central Valley, home to the biggest source of America's fresh produce, attitudes are shifting. Farmers are coming to terms with the fact that their operations will have to change — and in many areas, shrink — to survive chronic drought, depleted aquifers and climate change.

A legacy of political power

Sarah Woolf is an unlikely rebel. She grew up in a farming family just outside the boundary of Westlands Water District, then married into another one — the Woolfs, who run one of the biggest farming operations in the district. She became an expert on water policy while working for a California congressman, then started her own consulting business, Water Wise.

More than anyone else, she catalyzed the movement for change at Westlands. "I just didn't feel that it was appropriate to go along to get along," she says. "We weren't making positive strides."

To understand what she wanted to change, you have to go back to the 1950s and 1960s. Farmers needed water to grow food on the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley but there are no big rivers; growers relied instead on deep wells drilled into aquifers. But that underground reservoir wouldn't last long, and everyone knew it.

The farmers and their backers got the federal government to build a new dam and canal that connected their land to the system of dams and aqueducts known as the Central Valley Project. President John F. Kennedy himself showed up for the groundbreaking. "It is a pleasure for me to come out here and help blow up this valley in the cause of progress," he joked to the crowd.

The new canal delivered water from dams hundreds of miles to the north, like Shasta and Trinity. Westlands Water District was formed to distribute that water to 600,000 acres of land. Mark Arax, a writer who has chronicled the rise of Central Valley agriculture, calls it an act of "pure political power."

"We had a fair amount of clout, legislatively," Woolf says. "We were a very rich district; we had politically active landowners. We hired very talented lobbyists." The 700 or so farms within Westlands are mostly large, high-tech operations.

In 1992, though, Westlands met the limits of its power. Over its protests, Congress enacted the Central Valley Project Improvement Act. The law limited water deliveries to farmers when this could threaten the survival of wildlife, such as fish in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta — the sprawling network of waterways that empties into the San Francisco Bay.

The act, together with rulings from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, cut the flow of water to Westlands dramatically during years of drought. Some years, the growers got no water at all. They were shocked and furious.

"The district's approach was to fight it. Tooth and nail," Woolf says. "They hired the best attorneys. They hired the best lobbyists." Their approach, she says, was simple: "We will fight this and we will win because we are right."

Yet Woolf grew increasingly convinced that this battle was futile. Farmers were up against too many other powerful interests. She decided cooperation was the only solution and urged Westlands to stop pushing legislation "that was only beneficial to us."

In 2012, after Woolf was appointed to a vacant seat on the Westlands board, she tried unsuccessfully to get Westlands to sit down with other groups, including environmentalists, to explore possible compromises. She ended up butting heads with Tom Birmingham, partly over policies and partly over Birmingham's personal style. "He's an authoritarian, even a dictator," Woolf says with a laugh. "It's his show." Birmingham declined to be interviewed for this story.

In 2018, Woolf resigned from the Westlands board with a public letter of protest. She wrote that her efforts to "direct our district in a more collaborative and progressive direction" had met stubborn resistance.

Then, other farmers started reaching out to her. They were increasingly worried. Drought was becoming more frequent. In four of the past nine years, Westlands has received no water at all from the Central Valley Project.

Westlands farmers had stayed in business by pumping enormous amounts of groundwater from shrinking aquifers. But a new California law, the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, will severely restrict their ability to do this.

"I think this farming community is really struggling at this point," says Justin Diener, whose family grows vegetables and almonds near Five Points. "There are a lot of people who are kind of looking at the walls, wondering what they are going to do."

"I sat down with many of (the growers), gave them the history of what I had seen, and they started attending meetings," Woolf says. "They started being challenged by the general manager when they would ask questions. And then they got riled up and upset. And we made it clear, if you want to make a change, you have to get on the board and do something."

Earlier this year, dissident farmers named themselves the Change Coalition for Westlands Landowners, and settled on four candidates to run for the board. Diener was one of them. Woolf worked behind the scenes, but chose not to run.

Storing water underground

There's a range of views within the Change Coalition about what exactly they'd like to accomplish. Diener, who was elected in November, wants a realistic plan to survive. With climate change, droughts are persisting longer. The snowpack in the Sierra Nevada mountains is melting faster. Future floods may be more intense.

If the most recent decade is a guide to the future, Diener says, the district can only expect to receive enough water to grow crops on about 300,000 acres in an average year. That's half the original area of Westlands Water District, and 40% less than what's available to grow crops today.

What's worse, the water comes in bursts. In 2017, when rain drenched California, Westlands actually turned away potential water deliveries because no growers wanted it. Other years, the district gets no water at all, except for what it can buy on the open market at exorbitant prices. Such drastic fluctuations in water availability have been especially tough on growers with almond trees that require water every year just to stay alive. Growers now are ripping out some of those parched orchards.

What's urgently needed, according to Diener and other growers, is the infrastructure to store water underground when it's abundant, so that it's available when the rains stop.

An example: On Woolf family land southeast of the city of Huron, there's a dry creek bed that fills with water when it rains. Every half-dozen years or so, it floods, and because the creek's natural course is blocked, floodwater spills across a floodplain. A layer of silt, built up from years of floods, prevents the water from percolating into the earth, so much of it evaporates.

The Woolfs and neighboring landowners have now built a system to capture and store that water. When the next flood comes, they'll divert the water to a field where it will soak into the ground, all the way down to the aquifer. Farmers — and the nearby city of Huron — will be able to pump that water from their wells.

Westlands should be doing much more of this, Woolf says. Other water agencies in the San Joaquin Valley certainly are. But Westlands has lagged behind. "That's a lack of vision, and a lack of focus on things that we can control," says Jon Reiter, a farmer and consultant who works with Westlands growers. Instead, Westlands focused "on things that we can't control," like decisions by courts and Congress, he says.

Replenishing the aquifers during periodic storms can ease the pain during drought, but it also means growers can't expand their fields when water is plentiful. They'll have to restrain themselves, keeping land fallow, allowing water to soak into the ground so it's there when they truly need it.

Talking with adversaries

Woolf, meanwhile, wants Westlands to be a better neighbor. "What we do is important; growing food is important, it's something to be proud of," she says. "But if we're just fighting with people, I'm not very proud of that." The fighting, she says, blocks discussions — and potentially, compromises — between farmers and other groups with their own claims on California's water.

Such discussions among adversaries are underway in the San Joaquin Valley Collaborative Action Program (CAP), which formed in 2020. It's a forum that brings together farmers, advocates for safe drinking water in disadvantaged communities, local governments, water agencies, and environmentalists. Westlands is not participating, but Woolf and Reiter are.

"I spent much of my career in the San Joaquin Valley watching [these groups] fight with each other," says Quinn, now a visiting fellow at Stanford University's program on Water in the West, who helped launch the group. "I wasn't really convinced that they were ready for the kind of collaboration that I thought was necessary. And turns out, by God, they were."

The group this fall released its goals, which include safe drinking water for communities that don't have it now, better management of water for agriculture, and coordinated shifts in the use of land. That includes converting some previously irrigated farmland into habitat for wildlife. "That's the future," says Quinn. "You can't make progress in 21st century California without adopting a collaborative approach."

For Westlands, such collaboration might mean working with Rey León, the mayor of the mostly Latino town of Huron, in the heart of the Westlands Water District. He's launched efforts to plant trees, reuse wastewater, share electric cars, and build bike lanes.

He's had very little contact with Westlands and never met Tom Birmingham, the water district's general manager for the past two decades. Most landowners of Westlands don't live nearby, on the land they farm, but in Fresno, 30 or more miles away. Yet the fate of Huron's residents has long been linked to decisions that Westlands landowners make about water and farming.

Farmworkers no longer crowd the town at harvest time, since many growers switched from vegetables that require hand labor to almonds that are harvested by machine. If there's another shift, this time from agriculture to, say, solar farms, León wants Huron residents to get access to those jobs. "We have to be innovative, and develop new models of collaboration, because they haven't existed in the past," he says.

Change wins

In October, a month before the Westlands board election, the candidates who were running as the Change Coalition laid out their priorities in a letter to Westlands landowners. They proposed storing more water underground, relying less on "legal and political solutions" to the district's water problems. They also advocated developing a long-term plan for the district's land that includes other uses, such as solar farms and wildlife habitat, and improving relationships with "moderate environmental groups, disadvantaged communities, and safe drinking water advocates."

The Change Coalition candidates won all four open seats. Together with two allies already on the nine-member board, they appear to have a working majority. A week after the election results were announced, Birmingham announced he'd be stepping down.

Dan Errotabere, a retiring member of the board who supported Birmingham, is skeptical that the new board members really will do anything different, or better, than their predecessors. He says he examined the Change Coalition's program and "there's nothing that we're not doing. We are doing all those things. I think they'll recognize that, when they get on the board, and they see all the fine details."

But Quinn calls the Westlands transition a "sea change." Mark Arax, the author, says it's a historic step for the leaders of Westlands to accept the fact that water is scarce, and that their farms will have to shrink. "I don't think that's window dressing," he says. "I think it's a real change, and if that's acknowledged, that's a big story. Westlands, this behemoth, has cut itself in half."

https://www.npr.org/2022/12/15/1139932893/some-of-americas-biggest-vegetable-growers-fought-for-water-then-the-water-ran-o


....


Its a long piece on declining water supply. People fighting over limited water, which may be becoming a deflationary resource. Which in turn leads to fewer crops being grown. Resulting in agricultural produce also becoming deflationary in supply.

Trends in previously abundant resources becoming scarce and deflationary in supply appears to be on the rise. Even basic resources like water are becoming more difficult to acquire. In part, I think this is due to growth of human population. The average person consumes a significant amount of water in washing, bathing and consumption. Multiplying consumption by population growth in specific regions, might naturally end in water scarcity.

When bitcoin was first making headlines, its deflationary design was questioned and criticized across the board. Now that basic necessities like water and food are becoming deflationary in supply. Might we finally witness an end to the inflation vs deflation debates? Could real life and exhibited effects of water scarcity, translate to digital assets like bitcoin? In terms of validity of design?

And while many have asked what the best method of investment is to generate profits in eras of inflation and recession. Perhaps in looming issues like water scarcity, we see a potential for alternate options such as desalination plants? Could desalination plants become worthwhile investments in eras of water scarcity, where water is becoming a deflationary resource? And could there be more entry level alternatives to investing in desalination plants that are available to investors who lack the deep pockets necessary to fund a desalination plant?
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December 19, 2022, 11:59:04 PM
 #2

Imagine contributing to food security and the government can't help you secure the means to get that. Quite saddeninng world to live in honestly. I've known farmers who built waterways and irrigation systems out of their own pocket and are only receiving a trickle of help from the government, all the while the latter gets all the benefits and even use the waterways in their convenience without paying a fee to these farmers. It's a long and arduous battle if you are a farmer, and since a lot of GMOs are now created to ensure we have an apt supply of these produce all year round, farmers can easily be shoved aside and be silenced since the government feels there isn't much of a need to them anymore.
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December 20, 2022, 03:15:19 AM
 #3

I wonder how much of an argument this is against things like funding wealthy people who don't need to projects (like billionaires buying farmland) or just general incompetence. It'd seam realistic to use rain water capturing systems to fill reservoirs or containers near the farms (likely underground) to provide these services and probably wouldn't be too expensive - but then you can't extort money from them on a regular basis like you could with a limited water supply.

Desalination might be an unnecessary step for agricultural usage too. I don't think there's going to be much of an issue with water being limited - it's more one of countries not being able to provide the relevant facilities for it in which case citizens should start voting with their feet.

It also seems like a lot of politicians discussing agriculture don't know there's a finite amount of food that can be grown and them limiting it makes for heavy reliance on external economies - either that or they've corrupted the external economies and know they'll get the resources they want. But if it's the first I could see it ending in a food crisis, perhaps not soon but it might come. A lot of countries have stepped away from giving agricultural grants/assurances for free now already too (and I don't know if insurance firms are able to replace them, or are as reliable).
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December 20, 2022, 04:26:33 AM
 #4

Is the land in Florida unsuitable for crops in the way that California is, they both get alot of sun right but Florida has alot of water also or maybe some factor is off to explain this.   Cali is basically a desert, Im not sure I agree with trying to alter the basic lay of the land like its a fight when just going to naturally better land might be the answer.   Obviously nothing about modern farming is that natural anymore but theres a limit to what works well, is it for Government to determine success or free market dynamics.
  Desalination says the issue is about energy ultimately, solar panels and the improvement in efficiency there might be their best bet.

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December 20, 2022, 04:32:26 AM
Last edit: December 20, 2022, 04:51:00 AM by franky1
 #5

you already posted an article of similar topic

its not about limited resource. its actually about bad management of limited resource by over allocating quota's of a resource

in short if a person had a 1 gallon bottle of water for his family. he as a water authority and having 5 members of family to hydrate would say each member of family gets 1 litre each and if you dont drink it all now you wont get 1litre tomorrow you will only get half a litre

so each family member then chugged down their 1litre by ensuring they took their quote

but.. math, science, logic
there are only 4.5 litres to a gallon

one member of family does not get their quota

but each day instead of learning that there is only 4.5litre available.
instead of fairly sharing 0.9 litres each
they all act greedy and make sure they do work and expend their fluids to be able to grab tomorrows full 1litre quota. to ensure they are not the last guy thats left with half a litre

and thats why drought regions STUPIDLY grow high water intensity vegetation. and things like nuts and berries even when such things should not be grown in those regions.

becasue if they just grew wheat. they would saturate the land (over hydrate) it at the quote level. so they chose plants that require high hydration to ensure they take their full quota and not lose it

sometimes during the off-season they would sell their excess quota. thus they still take the water but pass it on.

all the time not realising its as a a regional thing a scarce resource that should be shared or saved. not used

86% of water=agriculture (6% is residential(including pools and lawns))
https://youtu.be/f0gN1x6sVTc?t=40

the america west is a net exporter of food. meaning even in a desert they make too much


Quote
Agricultural product exports from California totaled $13.4 billion in 2020

Imports of agricultural products, which had been increasing steadily over the last decade, fell slightly to $9.7 billion in 2020

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December 20, 2022, 12:08:22 PM
 #6

A few years ago I saw an article in which they were predicting what can be the most important thing in the future and people will fight for it, they said that in the future people will fight for water and you can see these days, as the OP said many vegetable growers are fighting for water and that's not just a case in America by in any country and nation you can see people are suffering this problem. Also, I think time after time we will have more cases like this and this will have some effects on the market like increasing the price of foods and vegetables.

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December 20, 2022, 12:36:23 PM
 #7

whilst the californian water authority cries with one side of the face, it is also seeking financing with the other side of the face

its next goal is to trigger a new industry
desalination of sea water to clear water

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December 20, 2022, 02:11:08 PM
 #8

Quote

Late in the afternoon on November 14, a historic email landed in the inboxes of hundreds of California farmers whose land lies within the Westlands Water District, the largest agricultural irrigation agency in the country – and one of the most controversial.

For decades, Westlands has led the fight against environmental rules that restrict the flow of water from California's rivers to its farmers. It sued the government, lobbied friendly politicians,....





Its a long piece on declining water supply. People fighting over limited water, which may be becoming a deflationary resource. Which in turn leads to fewer crops being grown. Resulting in agricultural produce also becoming deflationary in supply.

Trends in previously abundant resources becoming scarce and deflationary in supply appears to be on the rise. Even basic resources like water are becoming more difficult to acquire. In part, I think this is due to growth of human population. The average person consumes a significant amount of water in washing, bathing and consumption. Multiplying consumption by population growth in specific regions, might naturally end in water scarcity.

When bitcoin was first making headlines, its deflationary design was questioned and criticized across the board. Now that basic necessities like water and food are becoming deflationary in supply. Might we finally witness an end to the inflation vs deflation debates? Could real life and exhibited effects of water scarcity, translate to digital assets like bitcoin? In terms of validity of design?

And while many have asked what the best method of investment is to generate profits in eras of inflation and recession. Perhaps in looming issues like water scarcity, we see a potential for alternate options such as desalination plants? Could desalination plants become worthwhile investments in eras of water scarcity, where water is becoming a deflationary resource? And could there be more entry level alternatives to investing in desalination plants that are available to investors who lack the deep pockets necessary to fund a desalination plant?




Not a good idea to use this as standard for Bitcoin deflationary feature. Unlike the water, Bitcoin deflationary feature benefit the Bitcoin currency and system with little to no disadvantages... While an inflationary Bitcoin would have lots of disadvantages and little/to no advantages.

In regards to the Deflationary water supply, that will be a good thing if water was specifically designed to be used as currency that serves as a proper SoV.
SoV should be one of the most important features of a proper money otherwise savers funds may end up being debased or render worthless like you see with most fiat currencies which is quite unfair for for savers who need to save money for long-term future use. The inflationary fiat currency is actually a gaint scam that steals away the value of people's savings. Bitcoin is a remedy for such scam with the use of deflation.




Like Bitcoin, the supply of Gold in the "Earth's System" is limited and hard to mine/extract. It would be like fiat currency if it was unlimited and easy to mine/extract.
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December 20, 2022, 02:39:18 PM
 #9

when it comes to say food/water scarcity..
 
what you see is fishermen are given fish quotas.
and much like farmers water quota's or industries carbon quota's..
..they end up having their own "credit" transfer system of trading unused quota's

these quota's  and due to population growth decrease in supply of excess unused quota. creates a deflationary credit system

which could be measured and traded on a crypto system

I DO NOT TRADE OR ACT AS ESCROW ON THIS FORUM EVER.
Please do your own research & respect what is written here as both opinion & information gleaned from experience. many people replying with insults but no on-topic content substance, automatically are 'facepalmed' and yawned at
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December 21, 2022, 06:04:51 PM
 #10

California is known to be one of the states that is hit hardest by the fires and the lack of water because there are nearly no rains. This means that climate change hit them first, and it's a sad reality but it is an example of what's going to happen to all parts of the world.

Places we can grow crops today will lack water in the future because of this, and that means we are going to have to face the fact that we will not get as much rain as we need to keep growing crops the way we did so far and farming will need to change. Because of this California will try to find a solution before anyone else, and might be helpful for our future as well if they can find a less water required method.

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December 21, 2022, 06:38:57 PM
 #11

They need to adopt the developing country tricks and tips to get back on their foot. I am really not sure how they got on wrong foot but they need learn from those countries now. The good approach is to start taking small steps like mangroves, artificial farm ponds, dip water showers and much more. If they learn from largest farm producers from Asia then they could really get started with nice journey of farming.

Sometimes too much of modern times can also put us on the wrong side of the lines. Definitely there are countries who has deserted places but they have been growing farms more efficiently than modern techniques. Better start with such techniques rather than failing farms.
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